Spring Pre Ap World History Review Pt. 2

was the most influential in helping Germany to unify. William I and William II were ruling as Bismarck was unifying. William I supported Bismarck, but William II ended up forcing him toresign.

Increased German nationalism

Established dominance over Austria = Prussia leads German unification & Creates NorthGerman Confederation led by Prussia

Prussia gained Alsace-Lorraine from France. & Gained lots of money. Also - Kaiser = Emperor of Germany – 2nd Reich, Germany unified with Bismarck = Chancellor

• –Pre 1850: Series of divided nation-states: Growth of Nationalism, Congress of
• Vienna ignored nationalist ideas, Hapsburgs (Austria) controlled n.
• Italy – nationalists wanted them out!, Development of nationalist groups
• Garibaldi– wanted a united Italy (shared common language & history – end trade barriers)

realistic assessment of power (often ruthless & violent)

Started in Great Britain – more COAL, more PEOPLE, STABLE government, Money, etc

lands that used to be for everyone closed off for the rich – can experimenthere

Invents the seed drill

Improved the steam engine

Smelted iron

Factories;waterwheel

Steam powered ship

identified the bacteria that causes tuberculosis

trained nurses and insisted on hygiene in hospitals

proponent of urban renewal inParis

discovered how antiseptics stopped infection

Said population will outgrow food

government should leave businesses alone; the market will govern itself

founded by Jeremy Bentham; wanted the government to intervene and do the most amount of good for the most amount of people

peopleas a whole rather than private individuals would own and operate the means of production

theorized by Karl Marx; he believed that history was a struggle between the “haves”and the “have-nots”and the have-nots or proletariats were going to rise up against the middle class (or bourgeoisie) in revolution and make a class-less society

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countriespolitically, economically, and socially

• Natural resources, expand markets, invest profits, industrial rev.
• White Man’s Burden, Christianity, Social Darwinism
• Advances in weapons, technology, communication, etc

• Positive: Railroads, dams, telephones, sanitation improved, economic expansion, more schools, more hospitals
• Negative: European hostility, forced non-westerners to adopt western ways, hostility between imperialized and euro powers.

Wrote the White Man’sBurden

Father of Indian Nationalism

British imperialist to Africa

American naval officer who over took Japan

War b/w the Dutch and British for South Africa

When European powers divided up Africa

Indian Muslim and Hindu troops rebelled against the British in India

War between the British and Chinese, British won

Rebellion against the “foreign devils” in China

Peasantrebellion in China against the dynasty

Feudalismin Japan abandoned; modernization, industrialization, and westernization ofJapan

• M –militarism (countries trying to build up their militaries faster than theothers)
• A –alliances (pulled all of the countries of Europe into the war)
• I –imperialism (fought over the land in Africa and Asia)
• N –nationalism (strong love of one’s country – also led to the short termcause!)

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo by the “Black Hand

Italy, Austria-Hungary, and Germany, Italy left, Ottoman Empire Joined

Great Britain, France, and Russia, Italy, the US, and Japan joined

German plan to invade France quickly and then invade Russia therefore avoiding a 2-front war; epic fail

Germans sank a passenger ship; one of the things that brought the US into the war

Note between the Germans and the Mexicans promising Mexico US land if they helped Germany against the US, brought the US into the war

• Ended the war officially, put ALL of the blame on Germany
• Germany had to take the blame, pay reparations, lose some of their army, and lose territory

trench warfare, poisonous gas, machine guns, tanks, airplanes, blimps, and submarines

Woodrow Wilson (US), David Lloyd George (Great Britain), and Georges Clemenceau (France)

last czar of Russia, abdication started Russian revolution

“holyman”with lots of hold over the royal family

communist leader of Russian revolution

between the Bolsheviks (reds – communists) and the Whites (non-communists);commies won

took control after Lenin; had the Great Purge (where he killed all his enemies) and the Five Year Plan(where he tried to industrialize Russia and instead had famine)

leader of the Chinese communist party – ended up winning Chinese civil war

started Nationalist party; overthrew last Chinese dynasty

took over Nationalist party after Yixian; fought commies in Civil War

Student protests after WWI protesting Western/Japanese in China

Chinese communist run from the nationalists

Chinese developed communes, caused massive famine

Goal is to purge China of non-revolutionaries; red guard in charge; kill educated

Took over after Mao’s death; more moderate leader; begins turning China’seconomy from command to free market

Students protest for more democracy; brutally squashed by Xiaoping and Chinese troops.

leader of the Indian independence movement; proponent of civil disobedience (refusalto obey unjust laws); influenced Martin Luther King Jr. in the US

organized by Gandhi; march to the sea to gather salt in protest of Britain’s unfair salt taxes

founder of the Muslim league, wanted a separate country for Indian Muslims (got Pakistan)

Worldwide recession that was the worst in Germany (who was still paying reparations from WWI); allowed the rise of fascist dictators

Too weak to stop Japanese/Italian/German expansion

Allowing an aggressor to expand in hopes that they will stop; ex: Germany in Austria and Czechoslovakia, Italy in Ethiopia and Japan in Manchuria

Fascist dictator who rose to power in Germany by negating the Treaty of Versailles

Fascist dictator of Italy who began expansion into Ethiopia and E. Europe

Militaristic leader of Japan who began Japanese expansion into Manchuria, Korea, China, and the Pacific

Allied troops evacuated out of France

German bombing of Britain – fail

German invasion of Russia – fail

Turning point of Euro. front

Allied invasion of France

Hitler’slast stand

brought US into war

Kept Japanese from Australia

Turning point of Pacific

Supposed to be launching point for invasion of Japan

Where atomic bombs were dropped

lightning war – Germany’s attack on Poland

signed between Hitler and Stalin – broken by Hitler

policy of containing communism to those areas already under Soviet control

Policy of giving military and economic aid to countries resisting communism

allied response to Soviet blockades that included a year long round the clock plane arriving in Berlin with supplies

alliance b/w US, Canada, and W. Europe in case of an attack from USSR

alliance b/w USSR and E. Europe in case of an attack from democratic west.

first artificial satellite that was sent into orbit by the Soviet Union, starting the Space Race

the idea that if one SE Asian country falls to communism so will their neighbors

Communist leader of N. Vietnam

Leader of the Khmer Rouge, committed the Cambodian genocide

Leader of the communist revolution in Cuba

Showed elements of animism in their cave art

Revolved around life after death as revealed in their funeral art that depicted the Ka transitioning into its after life

Architects sought to convey a sense of perfect balance. An example is the Parthenon.

Included the sculpture of Nike, the winged victory masterpiece. More dramatic than Greek art.

Depicts scenes about the growing new religion, Christianity in their mosaics & frescos

The best architectural example is the Hagia Sophia. Its mosaics depicted icons of saints with halos over the heads

Included illuminated manuscripts which decorated letters & framed text with designs

Used arabesque design composed of curved lines that suggested floral shapes which appeared in rugs, textiles & glassware

Included the “rebirth”of the technique of perspective where the artist gives the illusion of depth intheir paintings. Artists include da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael

Examples of an artist from this period is Jan van Eyck whose use of the new medium of oil paints produced strong colors.

This period is exemplified by Le Brun & depicted very personal detailed scenes in their paintings.

Artists such as Claude Monet attempted to capture the first fleeting view of a scene or object on the viewer’seye

Artists such as Salvador Dali attempted to portray the workings of the unconscious mind

Is exemplified by Georges Seurat & his use of small dots of color to define shapes or objects

Artistslike J.M.W. Turner sought to capture the beauty & power of nature

Artists such as Pablo Picasso was influenced by African Art. They also broke three-dimensional objects into fragments & composed them into complex patterns of angles & planes

Artists such as Gustavbe Courbet attempted to represent the world as it was, focusing on the harsh side of life in cities or villages