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Antibiotic:
the capacity in dilute solutions to inhibit the growth ofor to destroy bacteria and other microorganisms, used chieflyin the treatment of infectious diseases.
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Asepsis:
Medicine/Medical . methods, as sterile surgical techniques,used to assure asepsis.
absence of the microorganisms that produce sepsis or septic disease.
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Antiseptic:
free from or cleaned of germs and other microorganisms
exceptionally clean or neat.
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Disinfectant:
any chemical agent used chiefly on inanimate objects todestroy or inhibit the growth of harmful organisms.
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Sterilization:
the destruction of all living microorganisms, as pathogenic orsaprophytic bacteria, vegetative forms, and spores.
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Iodophors
a complex of iodine and a surfactant that releases free iodine insolution, used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
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Three levels of sanitation:
- 1: Cleaning (soap and water)
- 2:Disinfection (chemicals)
- 3:Sterilization (kills all organisms)
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Sanitationlevel 1: Cleaning
- soap and water
- reduces # of bacteria
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Sanitation level 2:
Disinfection
- utilizes chemicals
- reduces # of bacteria even more then cleaning
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Sanitation level 3:
Sterilization
- kills all organisms
- with; chemical .. Autoclave
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Sodium Hypochlorite: (bleach)
Advantages
- cheap accesible
- effective in killing parvo virus in a 1:32 solution
- kills fungi in 1:10 solution
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Sodium Hypochlorite: (bleach)
Disadvantages
- decomposes in light
- corrosive to metal
- inactivated by organic matter
- toxic, irritating to mucous membrane
- strong odor
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Sodium Hypochlorite: (bleach)
Uses
- Disinfect inamnimate objects ONLY
- laundry additive
- isolation wards
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Iodophors: Povodone- Iodine (generic name)
Advantages
- can be used in live tissue and inanimated objects
- kills yeast and fungi
- bacteria some virus
- Relatively inexpensive
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Iodophors: Povodone- Iodine (generic name)
Disadvantages
- inactivated by organi matter
- irritating to the ksin in high concentrations
- corrosive to some metals
- STAINS
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Iodophors: Povodone- Iodine (generic name)
Uses
- Wound treatment
- Pre-surgical skin prep
- General antiseptic
- Shampoo
- Teat dip
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Iodophors: Povodone- Iodine (generic name)
Examples
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Chlorhexidine:
Advantages
- Effective against bacteria, mold, yeast and viruses
- Rapid onset of activity
- Does not stain
- Effective in the presence of organic matter
- Low toxicity, minimal skin irritaion
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Chlorhexidine:
Disadvantages
- More expensive than others
- Can delay wound healing if not diluted properly (1:40)
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Chlorhexidine:
Uses
- Surgical Skin-prep
- Wound treatment
- Ear cleaning
- Skin Theraphy
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Quaternary Ammonia:
Advantages
- INAMINATE OBJECTS ONLY
- Iinexpensive
- Non- corrosive
- Hard water tolerant
- Low toxicity in correct solution
- Fungicidal, bacteriocidal and soem viruses ( parvo calici)
- non effective to TB
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Quaternary Ammonia:
Disadvantages
- Toxicity in high concetrations
- may develop skin sensitivity after repeated exposure
- Acticity is decreased in presence of organic matter
- Inactivated by detergents and soaps
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Quaternary Ammonia:
Uses
- Disinfection of inanimated objects ONLY
- Not for use in living tissue
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Quaternary Ammonia:
Examples
- Rocaal- D
- Dual-Quat
- Omega
- A-33
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Isopropyl Alcohol:
Advantages
- Cheap, easily accessible
- Bacterocidal after prolonged time
- Facilitates Venipunctures
- -induces vasodilation
- -solubilizes fat
- -breaks through surface tension
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Isopropyl Alcohol:
Disdvantages
- Ineffective against spores and most fungi
- No resideal effect
- Highly cytotoxic(cannot use on open skin)
- Inhibited by organic matter
- Animal deislikes it
- -feels cold on skin
- -strong odor
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Isopropyl Alcohol:
Uses
- Disinfect thermometer and other communal objects
- Surgical skin-prep
- Venipucture
- Treat Hyperthermia
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Feline or canine jugular:
blood sample form neck vain
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Feline Medial Saphenous:
Done on inner leg
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Canine Lateral Saphenous:
Done on outer leg
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Canine or Feline Cephalic:
Rotate vain with thumb on elbo
*Venipunctures
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Cats:
Cooperative/Friendly
- soft gaze, ears forward, posture variable
- Approaches front of cage
- Sniffs outstreched hand
- Allows interaction & petting
- Relaxed muscle tone
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Cats:
Cooperative/Fearful
- Reatreateed to the back of cage
- Sideway, direct stare, may shift eyes to find nearest escape
- Tense muscle tone, tail & ears positioned Variable
- May bat at your hand with front claws
- May be silent or vocalizing
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Cats:
Fearful/Aggressive
- Does not permit interaction
- Swats at hand, may charge
- Hisses and spits
- Deep meowing winding up to scream
- Rigid body
- Direct stare
- Arched back, fluffed tail
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Canine Body Language:
Friendly Posture
- Curved body
- Tail out straight or in a natural position
- Soft eyes and facial expression
- Solicits interaction
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Canine Body Language:
Submissive Posture
- EArs back
- Tail tucked under the body
- Licking; lips pulled back
- Rolls over
- Urinates
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Canine Body Language:
Fearful Posture
- Retreats when approached
- May assume submissive posture
- Raised hackles
- Curling lip and baring teeth
- Growling
- Snapping
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Canine Body Language:
Dominant Posture
- Alert expression
- Direct stare
- Ears forward/ moving
- Tail erect
- Body hard with a wide stance
- Mouth open or teeth bared
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S-Subjective
These are the observations made by the client. This is often under the chief complaint (CC) The patient history is found here
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O-Objective
These are the notes of the veterinarian during the physical examination. This is where vital signs and system review are entered.
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A-Assessment
This is the diagnosis (Dx), the tentative diagnosis (TDx), or the differential diagnosis (DDx)
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P-Plan
This is the plan for additional diagnostic tests, treatment, and procedures. Follow-up appointment and prescriptions are also found here. Dated daily progress notes are here with enties concerning nursing care.
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