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A subdivision of anatomy that involves the examination of relatively large structures and features usually visible with the unaided eye
Gross Anatomy (macroscopic anatomy)
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A field of gross anatomy that studies the general form and superficial markings
Surface Anatomy
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A field of gross anatomy that studies the anatomical organization of specific areas of the body, such as the head, neck, or trunk
Regional Anatomy.
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A subdivision of anatomy that deals with structures that cannot be seen without magnification
Microscopic Anatomy
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A field of microscopic anatomy that deals with the internal structure of individual cells
Cytology.
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The simplest unit of life
Cells
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A field of microscopic anatomy that examines tissues
Histology
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Groups of specialized cells and cell products that work together to perform specific functions
Tissues
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A field of microscopic anatomy that studies the first two months of embryonic development.
Embryology
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The study of the functions of the HUMAN body.
Human Physiology
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A specialty of human physiology that studies all aspects of the functioning of specific orgam systems, such as cardiovascular physiology, respiratory physiology, etc.
Systemic Physiology
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A specialty of human physiology that studies the effects of diseases on organ or system functions
Pathological Physiology
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The Levels of Organization
- Chemical (molecular)
- Cellular
- Tissue
- Organ
- Organ System
- Organism
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The Eleven Organ Systems
- Integumentary
- Skeletal
- Muscular
- Nervous
- Endocrine
- Cardiovascular
- Lymphoid
- Respiratory
- Digestive
- Urinary
- Reproductive
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The Four Major Organs of the Integumentary System
This Organ System Contains:
Skin, Hair, Sweat Glands, Nails
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The Four Major Organs of the Skeletal System
This Organ System Contains:
Bones, Cartilages, Associated Ligaments, Bone Marrow
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The Main Function of the Skeletal System
This Organ System:
Provides support and protection for other tissues
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The Two Major Organs of the Muscular System
This Organ System Contains:
Skeletal Muscles, Associated Tendons
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The Two Major Functions of the Muscular System
This Organ System:
- Provides movement
- Provides protection and support for other tissues
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The Four Major Organs of the Endocrine System
This Organ System Contains:
Pituitary Gland, Thyroid Gland, Pancreas, Suprarenal Glands (adrenal glands)
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The Three Major Organs of the Cardiovascular System
This Organ System Contains:
Heart, Blood, Blood Vessels
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The Major Function of the Cardiovascular System
This Organ System:
Distributes blood cells, water, and dissolved materials, including nutrients, waste, products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
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The Major Function of the Lymphoid System
This Organ System:
Defends against infection and disease
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The Four Major Organs of the Urinary System
This Organ System Contains:
Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary Bladder, Urethra
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Refers to the existence of a stable environment that every organism must maintain in order to survive
Homeostasis
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A method of homeostatic regulation that opposes or negates the original stimulus.
Negative Feedback
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A method of homeostatic regulation that exaggerates or enhances the change in condition caused by the stimulus
Positive Feedback
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Two Examples of Positive Feedback
Examples of a Method of Homeostatic Regulation:
Blood Clotting, Forceful Labor Contractions
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The position when the body's hands are at the sides with the palms facing forward, and the feet are together
Anatomical Position
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The Four Abdominopelvic QUADRANTS
- Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
- Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
- Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
- Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
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The directional term referring to THE FRONT OF THE BODY or THE BELLY SIDE
Anterior (ventral)
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The directional term referring to TOWARDS THE HEAD
Superior
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The directional term referring to AWAY FROM THE BODY'S LONGITUDINAL AXIS
Lateral
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The directional term referring to AWAY FROM AN ATTACHED BASED
Distal
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A plane of section that passes through the midline, dividing the body in half and separating the right and left sides
Midsagittal
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The Two Major BODY Cavities
These Major Cavities:
Dorsal, Ventral
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The Two Cavities in the DORSAL Cavity
This Body Cavity Contains:
Cranial Cavity, Spinal Cavity
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The Two Major Cavities in the VENTRAL Cavity
This Body Cavity Contains:
Thoracic Cavity, Abdominopelvic Cavity
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A flat muscular sheet that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity
Diaphragm
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An imaging technique that uses x-rays to reconstruct the body's three dimensional structure; A single x-ray source rotates around the body, and the x-ray beam strikes a sensor monitor by the computer.
CAT Scan
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