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porifera digestion
choanocytes: collar cells that use flagella to create a current of water. filter small organisms from water and take them through endocytosis to digest
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porifera reproduction
asexual by budding or fragmentation
sexual by external fertilization
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porifera locomotion
sessile
spongin protein fibers or glass or mineral needles called spicules
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porifera gas exchange
diffusion
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porifera circulation
diffusion
also, amoebacytes that move around within the sponge transporting nutrients
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porifera excretion
diffusion
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porifera distinguishing features
no true tissues
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cnidaria example
jelly, hydra, sea anemone
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cnidaria digestion
mouth and gastrovascular cavity (one opening-mouth)
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cnidaria nervous
simple nerve net
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cnidaria reproduction
both asexual and sexual often in a cycle
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cnidaria locomotion
- some sessile
- hydrostatic skeleton
- contractile fibers
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cnidaria gas exchange
diffusion
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cnidaria circulation
diffusion
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cnidaria excretion
diffusion
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cnidaria distinguishing features
- cnidocytes: stinging cells
- 2 tissues
- polyp of medusa body forms
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platyhelminthes example
flatworm, planerian
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platyhelminthes digestion
mouth with muscular pharynx, gatrovascualar cavity (one opening)
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platyhelminthes nervous
- eye spots
- ganglion at the head
- lateral nerve cords with nerves that connect them
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platyhelminthes reproduction
- asexual by regeneration
- sexual
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platyhelminthes locomtion
muscles and hydrostatic skeleton
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platyhelminthes gas exchange
diffusion
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platyhelminthes circulation
- diffusion
- gastrovascular cavity with many branches
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platyhelminthes excretion
flame cells that have cilia that look like they flicker as they beat the wastes out
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platyhelminthes distinguishing features
- some free living, some parasites
- sephilization-have a head
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nematoda example
ascarius
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nematoda digestion
- complete digestive tract
- alimentary canal
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nematoda nervous
nerve ring and 2 nerve cords
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nematoda reproduction
sexual
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nematoda locomotion
- hydrostatic skeleton
- longitudinal muscles
- mouth and anus
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nematoda gas exchange
diffusion
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nematoda circulation
- no special system
- fluids circulate by movement
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nematoda excretion
excretory pore and canals that lead to it
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nematoda distinguishing features
suedo ceulum and cuticle
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mollusca digestion
use gills to trap food particles suspended in water and cilia to sweep the particles into the mouth
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mollusca nervous
- 3 pairs of ganglia connected by nerves
- relatively simple sense organs
- all molluscs except for clams have cephilization
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mollusca reproduction
seperate sexes, reproductive organs are located in the visceral mass
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mollusca locomotion
- muscular foot
- exoskeleton-shell
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mollusca gas exchange
gills
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mollusca excretion
kidney, excrete ammonia
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mollusca distinguishing features
mantle
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annelida example
earthworm
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annelida digestion
- alimentary canal
- digestion occurs in intestine
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annelida nervous
- cerebral ganglion (brain)
- ventral nerve cord with segmented ganglia
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annelida reproduction
- hermaphroditic
- sperm passes through genital pores
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annelida locomotion
hydrostatic skeleton
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annelida gas exchange
diffusion across the entire body surface
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annelida excretion
removed by nephridia
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annelida distinguishing features
long with segments divided externally by ring-like constrictions
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arthropoda example
grasshopper
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arthropoda digestion
alimentary canal (2 openings)
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arthropoda nervous
brain and ventral nerve cord
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arthropoda reproduction
- seperate sexes
- reproductive organs in the terminal abdominal segments
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arthropoda locomotion
- exoskeleton of chitin
- paired muscles
- jointed appendages
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arthopoda gas exchange
diffusion through the tracheae (air tubes that branch through the body) system
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arthropoda excretion
malphighian tubules
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arthropoda distinguishing features
head, thorax, abdomen
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arthropoda example: (C)
cray fish
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Arthropoda (c) digestion
alimentary canal
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arthropoda (c) nervous
ventral nerve cord and dorsal brain
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arthropoda (c) reproduction
male places sperm packet on underside of female belly
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arthropoda (c) locomotion
- exoskeleton of chitin
- paired muscles
- jointed appendages
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arthropoda (c) gas exchange
gills
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arthropoda (c) circulation
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arthropoda (c) excretion
green gland
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arthropoda (c) distinguishing features
head, thorax, abdomen
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echinodermata example
starfish
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echinodermata digestion
turns stomach inside out through the mouth and into the moluscs shell digesting the soft parts
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echinodermata nervous
- no brain
- nerve net in each arm connected by radial nerves to a central nerve ring
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echinodermata reproduction
- sexual-external fertilization
- asexual-fragmentation
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echinodermata locomotion
- endoskeleton
- pulls itself along seafloor with tube feet
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echinodermata gas exchange
diffusion
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echinodermata circulation
water vascular system
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echinodermata excretion
tube feet
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echinodermata distinguishing features
- radially symmetrical
- water vascular system
- duterostones-first opening is anus
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invertebrate chordata example
sea squirts
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invertebrate chordata digestion
complete digestive tract feed on filters at the bottom of the sea
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invertebrate chordata nervous
dorsal hollow nerve cord
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invertebrate chordata reproduction
sexual
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invertebrate chordata locomotion
- notochord as larvae
- adult has hydrostatic skeleton
- sessile
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invertebrate chordata gas exchange
diffusion
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invertebrate chordata circulation
diffusion
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invertebrate chordata excretion
diffusion
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invertebrate chordata distinguishing features
chordate, but invertebrate
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fish digestion
complete digestive tract
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fish nervous
- small brain
- spinal cord
- central nervous system
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fish reproduction
external fertilization
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fish locomotion
- bony skeleton
- fins help perch move and steer without rolling
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fish distinguishing features
swim bladder
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all chordates have at some point
- notochord
- postanal tail
- pharengeal slits
- dorsal hollow nerve cord
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amphibia digestion
complete digestive trace
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amphibia nervous
- brain
- central nervous system
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amphibia reproduction
- external fertilization
- metamorphisis
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amphibia locomotion
hind legs to hop
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amphibia gas exchange
- small lungs
- rely on diffusion of gases across body surfaces
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amphibia circulation
3 chambered heart
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amphibia distinguishing features
powerful hind legs
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reptile digestion
- complete digestive tract
- some carnivores and some herbivores
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reptile locomotion
- endoskeleton
- paired muscles
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reptile gas exchange
lungs
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reptile circulation
3 chambered heart
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reptile distinguishing features
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aves digestion
- no teeth
- complete tract
- varied diet
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aves nervous
brian less than mammal but more that reptile of same size
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aves locomotion
- endoskeleton
- feathers for flight
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aves gas exchange
lungs lead to air sacs
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aves circulation
4 chambered heart
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aves excretion
excretes uric acid to conserve water
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aves distinguishing features
endotherm
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mammal example
pig (and human)
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mammal digestion
- mouth
- stomach
- small/large intestine
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mammal reproduction
sexual
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mammal gas exchange
lungs
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mammal circulation
4 chambered heart
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mammal distinguishing features
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