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trapezius
- origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital
- protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 to T12
- insertion:
lateral one-third of clavicle, acromion, - spine of scapula
- innervation:
motor – accessory nerve XI; proprioception C3 and C4 - function:
assists in rotating the scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal; upper fibers elevate, middle fibers adduct, and lower fibers depress scapula
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latissimus dorsi
- origin: spinous processes of T7 to L5 and sacrum, iliac crest, ribs 10-12
- insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
- innervation: thoracodorsal nerve (C6 to C8)
- function: extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus
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levator scapulae
- origin: transverse processes of C1 to C4
- insertion: upper portion medial border of scapula
- innervation: C3 to C4 and dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
- function: elevates scapula
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rhomboid major
- origin: spinous processes of T2 to T5
- insertion: medial border of scapula between spine and inferior angle
- innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
- function: retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula
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rhomboid minor
- origin: lower portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 to T1
- insertion: medial border of scapula at the spine of
- scapula
- innervation: dorsal scapular nerve (C4, C5)
- function: retracts (adducts) and elevates scapula
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serratus posterior superior
- origin: lower portion of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 to T3 and supraspinous ligaments
- insertion: upper border of ribs 2 to 5 just lateral to
- their angles
- innervation: anterior rami of upper thoracic nerves (T2 to T5)
- function: elevates ribs 2 to 5
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serratus posterior inferior
- origin: spinous processes of T11 to L3 and supraspinous ligaments
- insertion: lower border of ribs 9 to 12 just lateral to
- their angles
- innervation: anterior rami of lower thoracic nerves (T9 to T12)
- function: depresses ribs 9 to 12 and may prevent lower ribs from being elevated when the diaphragm contracts
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splenius capitis
- origin: lower half of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 to T4
- insertion: mastoid process, skull below lateral
- one-third of superior nuchal line
- innervation: posterior rami middle cervical nerves
- function: together – draw head backward, extending neck; individually – draw and rotate head to one side (turn face to same side)
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splenius cervicis
- origin: spinous processes of T3 to T5
- insertion: transverse processes of C1 to C3
- innervation: posterior rami lower cervical nerves
- function: together – extend neck; individually – draw and rotate head to one side (turn face to same side)
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rectus capitis posterior
- origin: spinous process of axis (C2)
- insertion: lateral portion of occipital bone below
- inferior nuchal line
- innervation: posterior ramus of C1
- function: extension of head; rotation of face to same side as muscle
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rectus capitis posterior minor
- origin: posterior tubercule of atlas
- insertion: medial portion of occipital bone below inferior nuchal line
- innervation: posterior ramus of C1
- function: extension of head
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obliquus capitis superior
- origin: transverse process of atlas (C1)
- insertion: occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal lines
- innervation: posterior ramus of C1
- function: extension of head and bends it to same side
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obliquus capitis inferior
- origin: spinous process of axis (C2)
- insertion: transverse process of atlas (C1)
- innervation: posterior ramus of C1
- function: rotation of face to same side
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