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What is measurement?
the collection of information on which a decision is based (heart rates, body fat, knowledge, etc)
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What is a test?
Its a tool used to take a measurement (heart rate monitor, calipers, exam)
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What is a battery?
it is a collection of related tests administered within a specific time frame to obtain information about a multidimensional attribute.
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What is an inventory?
it is an assestment instrument used to obtain information about an affective attribute of an examinee; responses are typically not judged as correct or incorrect.
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What is an assestment?
the process of subjectively quantifying or qualitatively describing an attribute of interest;
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Psychomotor Assessments
Movement related
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Cognitive Assestment
knowledge related
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Affective assessments
Interes, attitude, value related.
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What is an evaluation?
the use of measuremen and or/ assessment in making decisionsl the decision is based on interpretation and/or judgement of measurements taken.
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What is reliable?
Is it consistent? (test measurements and is administered the same way every time)
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What is valid?
Truthful (tests measure what we profess to be measuring)
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What is objective?
- Standarized/Defined scoring system & test is administered by a trained tester. (Rater Reliability)
- It includes measures such as tape measure, scales, stop watches.
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What is Summative?
Testing is done at the conclusion of instruction or program. Summative evaluation is used to determine whether or not the broad objectives have been achieved.
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What is formative?
- Feedback given throughout the entire time or instructiom; begins early in the process and continues throughout the process.
- Ex. Tennis serve
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What is a criterion?
- It is defined as a satisfactory level of performance.
- Performance is compared to the standard only not to the performance of other individuals.
- Criterion-referenced standards result in a pass-fail situation.
- 97% on the test.
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What are norm-referenced standards?
- It is used to judge an individual's performance in relation to the performances of others in a well-defined group.
- Set standards for comparison when the situation requires more selectivity (more than pass-fail dertermination), such as grades - A,B,C; poor,fair, good, excellent.
- Limits of norm-referenced standards
- Marines vs. 6th graders
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What is a self-referenced standards
It is about yourself. Comparing results from previous tests.
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What is a laboratory test?
Tests that requires specialized equipment and specialized training of examiners and evaluators.
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What is a field assestment?
Test that requires no expensive equipment of extremely trained evaluators.
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What is a formal assessments?
it is characterized by careful preparation, precise timing and scoring, and standardization.
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What is an informal assessments?
Often designed logically and are seldom testing during development.
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What is statistics?
It is a mathematical science pertaining to the collection, analysis, interpretation or explanation, and presentation of data.
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Type of scores - Continuous
Potentially infinite. Real numbers - 12.3434234
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Type of scores - Discrete
- Integer numbers (whole numbers) - 1,4,6
- Ex. to measure sit ups, basketball score
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Scales of measurement - Nominal Scores
- Meaningless. Usually used for identification purposes.
- Ex. Social security number, driver's license, sex). This is the naming level.
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Scales of measurement - Ordinal Scores
- Ordered; identify rankingl ranked scores.
- Ex, 1st, 2nd, 3rd place.
- 1st place - 10.3 seconds, 2nd place - 14.3
- This is the ranking level.
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Scales of measurement - Interval scores
- Gives the ranking and the size of the space between the rankings, that is there is no absolute zero point.
- Ex. 0 degrees celcius does not mean there is no temperature, it just means it's very cold.
- Ex. if a person scores 0 on an exam, it does not mean the person has no knowledge at all but rather the person failed to answer any of the questions correctly.
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Scales of measurement - Ratio scores
- Common unit of measurement between each score and there is a true zero point. With zero indicating nothing is there
- Ex. 0 distance, 0 height, 0 seconds.
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What is Descriptive Statistics?
it summarizes data. Usually I present the average score.
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What is an inferential statistics?
They are tools that tell us how much confidence we can have when we generalize from a sample to a population.
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What is a population?
- It is any group in which an investigator is interested.
- ex. American males.
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What is a census?
A study in which all members of the population are included.
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What is a frequency?
it is a number of individuals or cases.
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What is a frequency distribution?
it shows how many individuals had each score.
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Grouped frequency distribution
is a group of scores and the number of people falling into that group.
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What is a cumulative frequency?
How many individuals are in and below a given score.
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What is a frequency%
- it converts the frequency its relative percentage.
- Frequency/N x 100
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What is a percentile ranking?
It indicates the percentage of scores below a given score.
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What is a percentile?
It refers to the point in a distribution of scores below which a given percentage of scores fall.
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What is a mode?
Most frequently reoccuring number.
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Median
Midpoint of a distribution.
Ranking Formula: N plus 1 Divided by 2
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Range
Highest number - Lowest number
- High = 96
- Low = 48
- 96-48=48
Median always goes with range.
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Standard Deviation
Statistical dispersion from the mean.
Standard Deviation is always relative to the mean.
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