Enlightenment Notes

• 1. 1st of stuart kings
• 2. 1st english king to experience difficulty with parliament
• 3. Strengthend protestantism w/ the king James bible

• 1. Constant problems between him & parliament
• 2. King of UK during english civil war
• 3. Supporters of king called cavalier
• 4. Leaders of parliament won the war and sentenced him to death

• 1. Leader of the roundheads during the English civil war
• 2. Sucessfully won english civil war & had Charles I killed
• 3. While leader of England, brutally conquered ireland & tried to convert them to protestantism
• 4. 1st non monarch to lead England for 11 years

• 1. Son of beheaded King Charles I
• 2. Restored monarchy back to England
• 3. Demanded oaths of allegiance to the anglican church of England

• 1. Last catholic monarch in England
• 2. Protestants successfully overthrew him in the glorius revolution

• 1. Believed he was king by divine right & was nicknamed sun king
• 2. Created the ultimate pallace called ............

• 1. Modernized Russia, militarily, economically, & technologically
• 2. Achieved secular control over the Russian Orthodox Church
• 3. Created the impressive city of St Petersburg

• 1.Through paranoya killed entire towns of people he thought were against him
• 2. Killed his own son in a fit of rage
• 3. Expanded Russia's territory to the east

• 1. Ascended to the throne through marriage, manipulation, & murder
• 2. Called the Enlightend Tyrant
• 3. Expanded Russia to the Southwest

• 1. Ruled over Spain during heat of her colonial power
• 2. Comissioned spanish armata

• 1. Book that made famous= Revolution of Heavenly Spheres
• 2. 1st to say earth is not the center of the universe
• 3. 1st to state earth revolves around the hun (heliocentrism)

• 1. Invented 1sstdecent telescope to see the solar system
• 2. proved that the heliocentric theory was correct
• 3. Views considered heoretical by the church & placed on house arrest

• 1. Discovered 3 laws of gravity
• 2. Helped to discover calculus
• 3. Largely thought of as the brightest mathematical and scientific mind of his time

• 1. Book that made famous- Discourse on Method
• 2. Believed that human reason could fully understand the world
• 3. "I think, therefore I am" -Rene
• 4. Invented anaylitical geometry

• 1. 1st to bridge math & religion
• 2. The pascalle is the barometric measurement of pressure
• 3. Invented 1st digital calculator

• 1. Improved & perfected the steam engine
• 2. Technologically set in motion the industial revolution in europe & the world
• 3. Created measurement of engine power- horsepower
• 4. Unit of energy named after him

• 1. Book that made famous- The Advancement of Learning
• 2. Promoted enlightenment time period by always inventing & discovering
• 3. Scientific Method

• 1. Mathematically figured out exact eliptical paths of the planets
• 2. leading atronomer & mathemetician of his era

1. Book that made famous- Critique of Pure Reason

• 1. Book made famous- Spirit of Laws
• 2. 1st to come up with idea of separation of powers
• 3. Created system of checks & balances where a king or queen didnt rule

1. book that made famous- Social Contract-about personal freedom- doing everything to better your community and yourself

• 1. Book that made famous- Paridise Lost
• - promoted freedom of press, speech, & religion

1. Book- Encyclopedia- collaborative book edited to present the best works of the enlightenment

• 1. One of most famous works- Candide
• 2. In stories saturized religion & gov't because of intolerance
• 3. Exiled & imprisoned for his inflamatory writings
• 4. Promoted deism
• 5. Faught for freedom of speech

• 1. Book made famous- Leviathan
• 2. Only main writer who was pro-monarchy
• 3. Basically said people are naturally selfish & egotistical
• 4. Famous quote: Life is nasty, Bruteish, & short

• 1. Book made famous- Two Treatises of Gov't
• - Life, liberty, property
• - Gov't is based on the concent of the governed
• - All men created equal
• - Promoted religious toleration through his writings