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Carbohydrates
- functions: energy storage and supply, structure
- monomer: monosaccharides
- polymers: polysaccharides
- elements: carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- bonds: glycosidic
- tests: iodine solution for starch- turn from orange to black/blue, Benedict's solution for reducing sugars- turns from blue to red at temp 80oC
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Proteins
- functions: structure, transport, enzymes, antibodies, most hormones
- monomer: amino acid
 - polymer: polypeptide
- elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur
- bonds: peptide
- tests: buiret test- turns from blue to lilac
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Lipids
- functions: membranes, energy supply, thermal insulation, protective layers, electrical insulation, some hormanes
- monomer: monoglyceride
- polymer: triglyceride
- elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
- bonds: ester
- tests: ethanol emulsion- white emulsion
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what is metabolism?
the sum total of all the biochemical reactions taking place in the cells of an organism
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Nucleic acids
- functions: information molecules, carry instructions for life
- monomer: nucleotides
- polymer: DNA, RNA
- elements: carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus
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Condensation reactions
- a water molecule is released
- a new covalent bond is formed
- a larger molecule is formed by the bonding together of smaller molecules
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Hydrolysis reactions
- a water molecule is used
- a covalent bond is broken
- smaller molecules are formed by the splitting of a larger molecule
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Glucose
- alpha: the OH at C1 is below the plane of the ring
- beta glucose: the OH at C1 is above the plane of the ring
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glycogen
- made up of alpha glucose subunits
- larger molecule
- more branches then starch
- more compact
- energy storage
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