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The area inside the mouth joining the nasal passageways and the throat
Pharynx
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Another word for breathing
Respiration
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A blue or gray skin color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body
Cyanosis
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Signs of inadequate breathing in children:
- Cyanotic skin, lips, tongue, or earlobes
- Retractions between the ribs
- Nasal flaring
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Inadequate breathing in a child is defined as:
- Less that 15 breaths per minute
- More than 30 breaths per minute
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When at rest, the normal adequate breathing rate for an adult
12 to 20 times per minute
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Cyanosis can be checked by observing the patient's
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The very first step to aid a patient who is not breathing is to:
Open the airway
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What is the importance of mechanism of injury to airway care?
- The procedure for opening the patient's airway:
- Head tilt chin lift
- Jaw Trust (trauma)
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When performing the jaw thrust maneuver, the EMT-B should:
- Kneel at the top of the patient's head
- Stabilize the patient's head with forearms
- Use the index fingers to push the angles of the patient's lower jaw forward
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When inserting a nasopharyngeal airway, lubricate the outside of the tube with:
Water-based lubricate
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Never suction for longer than:
15 seconds at a time
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The oxygen concentration of a nonrebreather mask is between
80% and 100%
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The flow rate of a nonrebreather mask should be:
- 12 to 15 liters per minute
- 80 - 100% concentration
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The oxygen concentration of a nasal cannula is between
- 24% and 44%
- 1 - 6 liters per minute
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Artificial ventilations in order of preference
- Mouth to mask w/oxygen (15LPM)
- 2 person rescuer BVM w/ high flow oxygen (15LPM)
- Flow restricted oxygen powered ventilation device
- 1 rescuer BVM
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Adequate breathing normal rates:
- Adults: 12 to 20
- Child: 15 to 30
- Infants: 25 to 50
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What should your first action be when treating a patient with rapid respirations
Assess the regularity & quaility of breathing
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For a ner drowning victim you should manage the patient's airway while considering the possibility of
Spinal injury
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A soft tissue injury that results in a flap of torn skin is referred to as
An avulsion
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Hemoptysis is:
Coughing up blood, suggest injury to or bleeding within the lungs
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The most reliable method of determining the effectiveness of chest compressions is to
Palpate for a carotid or femoral pulse
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The primary pacemaker that sets the inherent rate for the heart
Sinoatrial node (SA)
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Once an adult loses approximately how much blood their condition is considered serious
Liter
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Once an child loses approximately how much blood their condition is considered serious
500ml
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Once an infant loses approximately how much blood their condition is considered serious
150cc
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Blood that oozes and is dark red is most likely from a
Capillary
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Blood that is a steady flow of dark red or maroon is
Venous
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The cranium consist of:
- Forehead
- Top
- Back
- Upper sides
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The lumbar area of the spine includes how many vertebrae
5
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A bacterial disease which causes serious illness, severe diarrhea, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and rice water stool
Cholera
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When bruising of the brain occurs on the side of the injury, this is referred to as a
Coup injury
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A collection of blood within the skull or the brain is called a ___________ hematoma
- Subdural
- Epidural
- Intracerebral
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The blood pressure and pulse for a patient with a brain injury
Increased BP, decreased pulse
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Deep lacerations or severe bruises to the scalp or forehead notes the possibilty of a
Cranial fracture
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Often with a cervical-spine injury, the patient in a supine position may have his arms
streched out above his head
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An unstable object impaled in the cheek wall should be:
Pulled out if easily done; to minimize the potential for bleeding into the airway
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An object impaled in the eye should be
Stabilized with gauze and protected with a disposable cup
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The most reliable sign of spinal cord injury in a conscious patient is:
Paralysis of extremities
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A patient in acute abdominal distress without vomiting should be transported?
Face up with knees bent to relieve pressure on the abdominal muscles
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A fracture to the proximal end of the humerous is best cared for by immobilizing with a(n)
Sling and swathe
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The first step in immobilizing a fractured wrist with a distal pulse is to:
Place the broken hand in its position of function
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The best method for immobilizing a suspected ankle fracture
Pillow splint
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A sprain is an injury in which
Ligaments are torn
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Muscles are attached to bone by
Tendons
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Superficial burns covering more than 50% of the body surface are considered
Moderate burns
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Partial thickness burns involve the
Epidermis and Dermis and cause swelling & blistering
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Acid burns to the eyes should be flooded with water for at least
20 minutes
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Artificial ventilations for an infant or child under 8
20 per minute
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Common causes of shock in children include
- Infections
- Trauma
- Blood loss
- Dehyradtion
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