Who set up tents at Washington for their rights and didn't leave until the gov't gave them their money? and How did Hoover react?
Bonus Marchers, and Hoover ordered the military to burn down the tents and get them out of there.
Who got gov't pensions for their service for their service in the military?
WWI veterans, but they wanted it early and they wouldn't do that
Competition for housing, major clash of whites and blacks
race riots
Family structure in Hoovervilles?
Began to change, Victorian family is no more, and even middle class women are now working
Who ran and won the election as governor of NY in 1928?
Franklin D. Roosevelt
What did the radio do for FDR?
He talked to people through it and it created a personal connection b/w him and the people.
Why were crops rotting in the fields?
Because animals were being slaughtered.
What happened when farmers could pay taxes and their farms were sometimes being auctioned off?
foreclosed farms
In what state was 25% of farms were sold in one day?
Mississippi
What would farmers do in order to prevent the sale of their farms?
They used fear tactics ti keep people from buying
During labor unrest what were people doing?
Miners were rioting and unemployed people were breaking into stores for food.
What was it called when the Republicans did nothing because they did not want to take the blame or the Democrats were getting credit if it works?
Lame Duck Session of Congress
What was it called when there was no more frontier and were no longer growing?
"closed system"
When they were milking the system for everything they had?
Saturation
Who was known for the phrase "do something"?
FDR
Saturation, Population levelling off, the closed system, the lame duck session was when?
Winter of 1932
What happened after four years of depression?
National income reduced by 50%.
5000 banks shut down.
9 million savings accounts are lost
U.S. Steel in 1929 employed 225,000 by the end of 1932 they employed 0
Lots of homeless people
This investigated the cause of the stock market crash and the fall of the investment banker not the politicians.
Pecora Commission (1932)
Known for the phrase "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself."
FDR
Known for the phrase "Treating the task as we would treat the emergency of war."
FDR
What did FDR focus on?
Safeguards on the economy
Strict supervision
End speculation
Broad executive powers
What was known as give me the power to do what is necessary to solve the crisis and end this war. American public is at the point where they are saying "whatever it takes"?
Broad executive powers
What percent did FDR win the election?
57.4% popular vote
Did FDR have a plan?
No, not really, just ideas.
What was his plan?
Populists, mobilization of WWI, progressives, John Dewey, Social Gospel.
Who were economists, historians and others who were brought together to come up with ideas?
Brain Trust
Who wrote "Wealth of Nations" (you need to leave the economy alone bc the free market concept is gone)?
Adam Smith
What was the Modern Corporation and Private Property?
Monopoly/oligopoly are the norm, not the exception
Market no longer functional under the concept of capitalism
Market controlled by few
Gov't reforms needed
When was this phrase: "Broad executice powers to wage a war agst the emergency.." known?
Hundred Day's War
What happened in the Hundred Day's War?
Half transactions in gold(during this time it was illegal to own gold unless you were a goldsmith because the govt needed to replenish their backup in gold and tried to raise the value of the dollar)
Enacted a National Bank holiday(Friday all banks closed and on Monday only the healthy banks could open)
What was an immediate measure that was a New Deal effort to deal with the problems of unemployment?
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Another immediate measure was the creation of a new agency, the NRA (National Industrial Recovery Act/ National Recovery Administration). What did it do?
Blue eagle logo "We do our Part"
voluntary program(established rules and regulations for America)
Not very effective
Creates jobs
Business ethics
Maximum hours and minimum wages
Child labor
What was the immediate response to get people back into homes?
Home Owners Loan Act
What brought electricity to the country side?
TVA, Tennessee Valley Authority
Was the securities Act-SEC successful?
no it was a failure
What was known as the "sick chicken" case in May 27th, 1935?
Schecter Poultry Corp. v. U.S., was a NJ poultry factory that was selling diseased chickens. The Supreme Court was unanimous.
What required that businesses had to allow labor unions?
Article 7a of NIRA
What addressed complaints and a time when people believed he was being too good to big businesses?
Second New Deal
Who was the "messiah of the rednecks"?
Huey P. Long
Who started the slogans "Roosevelt or ruin" and "Christ's deal to a pagan deal"?
Reverend Charles Coughlin
Who was known for the "old age revolving pension plan"?
Dr. Francis Townsend
Who was involved in Louisiana politics that was a smart crook, but always gave back to the people?
Huey P. Long
What did the Securities Act create?
The SEC, Securities and Exchange Commission
What did Huey P. Long do?
Wanted to limit fortunes
guarantee income
limit work week
guarantee education
guarantee pensions
Who created the FERA, Federal Emergency Relief Administration?
Hoover, but FDR picked up on it since Hoover didn't do a lot with it
WPA, Works Progress Administration("we punder around") in 1935
He didn't really mean it, but The Kingfish was known for what slogan?
"Share our Wealth"
From Detroit, he loved Roosvelt at first but is now a critic to the New Deal and supported it bc he thought God wanted it, but later saw it was the work of the devil and turned on him.
Reverend Charles Coughlin
He believed that that one should quit working at 60 yrs old to give jobs to the young people and the gov't would give them $200 a month, conservative movement.
Dr. Francis Townsend
Started the movement EPIC, End poverty in CA
Upton Sinclair
"gentlemen's warfare"
Diplomacy
Bring together power countries from around the world and talk about how to better things around the world
international conferences
This had too many weapons and peace in the open ocean
Washington Naval Arms Conference
Gave moral lectures and speeches on peace and talking things out.
Jeannette Rankin (Montana)
A time when we won't get in war with each other, diffuse all problems around the world and won't have to worry about wars, and criticized for not helping Europe enough.
Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)
Have a dictator type person who controls all economic system, there is still free enterprise but the govt tells you what to do with it, race is involved;means to bind
Fascism
Pro-German, a lot like facism, but also controls everything due to living as social too
Nazism
II Dulce means?
the leader
Italians killed him, 1944-45 he was executed with his mistress
Benito Mussolini
In Germany, they are the minority, not Christians, not true Europeans
The Jews
Out of the league of Nations
Preaches racism/anit-semitism
built up his military=nationalism
3rd right- 1000 yr reign over Europe
Invades Rhineland in 1936 and takes it over
Annexes Austria
Adolf HItler
March 12, 1938
Annexes Austria
"shoot on sight" have authority to kill any German vessel
Fall of 1941
December 7th, 1941
Pearl Harbor
December 8th, 1941
Declaration of War
Who was the one vote not to declare war?
Jeannette Rankin
December 11, 1941
Italy and Germany enter the war
"the good war", sense of purpose and loyal support at home during the start of this war
WWII
Inhumanity of the War
holocaust, 6,000,000 Jews killed, 14,000,000 military and 25,000,000 civilians killed
How to fight the Germans?
Invade France, Peck away at Germany, 2nd front (Africa)
Successful GB invade where Germany had a lot of holdings.
North Africa Campaign
Germany Concentrated?
1/3 military against West
2/3 military against East (Russia)
Wanted to prevent Germans from moving further into Russia, 2 million deaths
140 million people in population and 12,123,455 were still serving
During 1939-1945 per capita income does what?
Doubles
When there were no consumer goods to buy, what did Americans do?
They started saving all their money
How much money had people saved by 1939 versus 1945?
1939: $2.6 billion saved
1945: 29.6 billion saved
true or false: there were enough homes for the people demanding
false
Traditionally, homes were built with wood, stone, and brick. But during the war there were shortages and their substitute was?
Aluminum and vinyl siding on homes
Where did people shop?
downtown
This place catered to people who were driving to shop and was not located in the center of town in Kansas City.
Country Club Plaza (1924)
Automobiles, before war?
Car crazy, but only one per family.
Automobiles, after war?
Necessary to have more than one car, two was the rule
Not enough highways=?
Gridlock
Long distance travel?
Trains(Union Station D.C.)
Airlines(Delta, United, TWA): expensive way to travel
Every one had one in the house(more people had this than indoor plumbing), and portable ones come into play eventually. Popular stations: WSB, National Station, KAAY.
radio
Radio was used for what?
Comedy, News, Drama, Songs, and Horror
True or False: During 1945, 85 million movie tickets sold weekly
true
clothing during this time?
Natural fibers: wool, cotton, silk
Formal attire everywhere they went
Leisure suit: bright colored suits, cheap
Nehru Jacket
Long distance was very expensive, dial operated and the numbers were designed to where the person lived in the city with letters.
telephone
During this time, it was heavy and rich. It was also better bigger and more convenient.
Food
True or false: fast food and tv dinners took off in the 1950s.
true
During this time, people were forming habits. This one everyone did it, cartoons, in theaters, and churches.
Smoking
Upper class drank?
Wine
Real americans drank?
Beer
In college, there lockdowns and curfews for who?
women
First Modern Domestic Goddess
Donna Reed
They became disillusioned that they would ever gain rights and after WWII, it was not the time for them to gain more rights.
African Americans
Old age pension process
Social Security
True or False: Poor people were not self-sufficient
false
Neutrality, Disarmament, Isolation
Buzz Words
What happened when veterans came home and their families?
Men go to school and sometimes brought their wives and children, while women supported them and raised their family.
Infrastructure, housing(non-existent), consumer goods(want them as fast as they can get them), School systems(inadequate), Strong natural optimism, 1950s (tried to solve these problems)
15 Years of Depression and War
How many WWII, vets served?
16,354,000 total served
Was the GI Bill of Rights. They were given many options such as got funding for education. 7.8 million vets chose education, 2.2 million vets went to college, the rest went to tech schools
Servicemen's Readjustment Act (1944)
December 1945, built in large numbers.
suburbs, 16.1 million new homes during this time.
Who designed the Dymaxion House?
Buckminister Fuller
Who designed the Usonian House?
Frank Llyold Wright
Who perfected and popularized subdivisions?
William and Alfred Levitt
Where did the Levitts go in order to get away from city limits and codes?
Long Island
How fast could the Levitts build houses?
1 house every 15 minutes, 174777 homes for 40,000 people
how much did the average family earn?
$3319
How much did the average two bedroom house?
$7900
urban poverty when the white are moving away
"white flight"
"herd minder", one of the great novelists of the 20th century
John Cheever
Who wrote The Organization Man?
William H. Whyte
the "Mass Man", Who wrote The Lonely Crowd?
David Reeseman
What was it called during the 1950's when 8,000,000 more children than they had expected were born?
Baby Boomers
When 40% of the teaching profession was gone, how many emergency teaching certificates did they give out?
100,000
In 1950, the average teaching salary was $3000, what was it raised to in 1960 to attract labor?
$5000
What did they start doing when learning through experience was no longer working?
Memorization, reading, writing, and arithmetic
In 1957, what satellite was launched by the Soviet Union?
Sputnik
What was it called when they weren't teaching students well enough?
"education gap"
This set up federal program in which schools were given money to set up better math andd science programs.
1958 National Defense Education Act
Thought to be linked to communism and was considered a "deep illness"
Feminism
Didn't correctly contribute to society because they didn't have kids were called what?
Spinsters
What happened in January 1960 in Greensboro?
When students at an agriculture school started talking about getting involved and decided they want to desegregate the lunch counter at FW Woolworth. They started "sit ins"
Who were the first 2 African americans to integrate UGA?
Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes
In Fall of 1962, Who was the 1st African American admitted to Ole Miss?
James Meredith
Who was the governor of Mississippi that was a supporter of segregation?
Ross Barnett "roll with Ross"
who was the first 2 African Americans to enroll in the University of Alabama in 1963?
Vivian Malone and James Hood
Who encouraged the federal gov't to use force, supported segregation, and was the governor of AL?
George Wallace
Who was Bull Conner?
Police Chief in Birmingham, AL in 1963
What did Bull Conner do in the Birmingham Marches in 1963?
He used police dogs and fire hoses to break up the march.
When was JFK assassination?
Summer 1963
Was passed in the name of JFK, it eliminated public segregation.
1964 Civil Rights Act
Peaceful march(that resulted in violent resistance) on the Edmund Pettus Bridge in 1965 in Selma, AL because blacks were having trouble trying to register because they were being targets by the white people. It is known as?
"Bloody Sunday"
Extremely radical person fighting for rights who used violence to get what he wanted. (NYC)
Malcolm X
Thought white power structure is enemy and believed in killing the enemy. Very radicalized organization known as the...?
Black Panthers
Worked alongside other organizations of the civil rights movement, compromised of young black and white people, and they became radical.
Student Nonviolence Coordinating Committee(SNCC)
What did SNCC, Malcolm X, and the Black Panthers all believe in?
self- defense
Was a Black Panther who later became a barbecue man
Bobby Seal
In 1960, what percentage of families own homes, cars, and at least one tv?
homes: 50%
cars: 75%
tv: 87%
In 1950-60, Gnp was up by what percentage?
50%
The U.S. was what percentage of the world's population?
6%
This man represented a change in younger generation and a great hope as well as he was committed to defending the U.S.
JFK
Was associated to the Kennedy administration
Camelot
Cuban military was waiting on Americans coming to shore that led to lots of bloodshed
April 15th, 1961, Bay of Pigs
Soviet Union came to the military aid assistance for this country and set up nuclear war heads on this island. Used diplomacy and would prevent ships from docking in this country, made Soviet Union get their nuclear war head off the island. It ended in this country backing down.
Cuban Missile Crisis (October 1962)
Barrier that divided a country from the east to the west in August 1961.
Berlin Wall
Vice President of Kennedy, who was from Massachusetts and was Catholic.
Lyndon B. Johnson
What fought against the war on poverty?
Welfare, social security, Medicare, Medicaid, Federal Home Administration, Education, Integration, Job Training, Head Start.
Build low cost housing for the middle class. Helped fight against the war on poverty.
Federal Home Administration (FHA)
medical benefits for people in need
Medicaid
medical benefits for old people
Medicare
Federal funds for pre-k and kindergarten. helped fight against the war on poverty.
Head Start
A letter sent out on how to fix society about concerns about the future, bomb, bureaucracy, curriculum, and civil liberties.
Port Huron Statement
Student Organization from the University of Michigan that sent out the Port Huron Statement.
Students for a Democratic Society(SDS)
Founding member of the SDS that married Jane Fonda.
Tom Hayden
Name given to groups that became radicalized
weathermen
In 1965, rioting for 6 days over a CA misdealing with a black guy that signified more violence across the nation.
