Oral Boards Complications

• EMBED
• *Empyema—rare, but most common complication
• Meningitis
• Bacteremia
• Endocarditis/Pericarditis
• Death—if untreated or treatment unsuccessful

PM EMCEES

• Puerperal sepsis
• Meningitis

• Empyema
• Mortality
• COPD exacerbation
• Endocarditis
• Ear pain/infection
• Sinusitis

• Mortality is highest among immuno-suppressed patients (80%)
• Sequelae of fatigue, neurologic symptoms, and weakness.
• Empyema
• Cavitation
• Bullous emphysema
• Renal failure
• Endocarditis
• Pericarditis

SCAMPED

• Superinfections
• Cavitations
• ARDS
• Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
• Pulmonary abscess
• Empyema
• Death

• Derm- Skin rash (erythema multiforme)
• Cardio- endocarditis, pericarditis
• Neuro, Encephalitis, cerebellar ataxia, Guillian Barre syndrome, peripheral neuropathies·
• Rheum- Arthralgia, arthritis
• Hem- hemolytic anemia, coagulopathies severe in pts. with Sickle cell disease and other Hgb S related diseases (asplenia, digital necrosis)
• Bullous myringitis (blistered tympanic membrane)
• Severe respiratory distress

PPACCD

• Pneumonia/pulmonary HTN
• Acute respiratory failure
• Cor pulmonale, Chronic respiratory failure
• Death

• CCAPP
• Cor pulmonale
• Chronic respiratory failure
• Acute respiratory failure -> death
• Pneumonia
• Pulmonary hypertension

DADCARPET

• Dehydration
• Acute hypercapnic and hypoxic respiratory failure
• Death
• Corpulmonale
• Airway infection
• Respiratory acidosis
• Pneumothorax (rare)
• Exhaustion
• Tussive syncope

• Exhaustion
• Respiratory acidosis
• Dehydration
• Airway infection
• Cor pulmonale
• Tussive syncope
• Pneumothorax [rare]
• Acute hypercapnic & hypoxic respiratory failure
• Death

MADRAS

• CVD
• MI
• Aortic Dissection
• Death
• Renal Disease
• Atherosclerotic disease
• Stroke

• MI
• Sudden death
• arrhythmias
• HF

CHADDDDS

• Cardiogenic shock
• Heart failure/respiratory failure
• ADL loss
• Depression
• Dysrhythmias
• Dressler's Syndrome
• Death
• Sexual dysfunction

• Pulmonary edema
• Arrhythmias

MARS PD

• MI
• Arrhythmias
• Renal or liver disease
• Syncope
• Pulmonary edema
• Death

• Reccurence of IDA
• Decrease immune function = infections in children
• Children: developmental delay, delayed growth
• Tachycardia
• Still born or premature delivery
• Cold intolerance

Neurological damage from vitamin B12 deficiency may be irreversible if duration greater than 6 months

Pernicious anemia is associated with an increased risk of atrophic gastritis which can lead to gastric cancer

Hypokalemia

G6PD: Renal failure (rare)

Sickle cell anemia: CASHD

Chronic multisystem failure from end-organ damage, aplastic anemia, stroke, HF, death

Hereditary spherocytosis: Severe hemolysis

SITS

• Splenic rupture
• Iron overload from transfusions
• Transfusion reactions and infections
• Severe hemolysis

• HISWITS
• Hemosiderosis
• Iron overload from transfusions
• Splenic Rupture
• Worse prognosis than alpha thalassemia
• Increased infections after splenectomy
• Transfusion reactions
• severe hemolysis

• Relapsing hepatitis
• Fulminant hepatitis (rare)

• Fulminant hepatitis (massive hepatic necrosis)
• Chronic Hepatitis B
• Cirrhosis
• Hepatocellular carcinoma

• Fulminant hepatitis rare
• Cirrhosis
• Hepatocellular carcinoma

• SBO
• Abscess
• fistulas
• Perianal disease
• Malnutrition
• Hemorrhage
• Infections
• Colon CA

FAN-C POT

• Fistulas
• Abscess
• Nutritional complications (malabsorption, inadequate dietary intake, intestinal loss of protein)
• Colon cancer
• Perforation
• Obstruction
• Toxic megacolon

MORPHIC G

• Metabolic syndrome
• OA
• Reproductive disorders (men: hypogonadism, women: menstural abnormalities)
• Pulmonary Diseases (obstructive sleep apnea)
• HTN, hyperlipidemia
• Insulin resistance and T2DM
• Cancer, cardiovacular disease

Gout, gallstones

• Insulin resistance and Type 2DM
• Cardiovascular Disease
• Hypertension
• Hyperlipidemia
• Reproductive disorders
• o Men: hypogonadism
• o Women: menstrual abnormalities
• Pulmonary diseases-Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity
• Gallstones
• Cancer
• OA
• Gout
• Metabolic syndrome

Stroke- high risk in first 48 hours to one month following TIA

• Depends on severity of stroke
• Disability
• Coma
• Death

PROMS

• Post-strep glomerular nephritis, peritonsillar abscess
• Rheumatic Fever
• OM
• Mastoiditis
• Sinusitis, Scarlet fever

• Perforated TM
• Mastoiditis
• Meningitis
• Chronic otitis media
• Labyrinthitis

• Conductive hearing loss
• Mastoiditis

Decreased hearing with impairment of language acquisition skills

• Cellulitis
• Osteomyelitis
• Cavernous venous thrombosis
• Meningitis

• Transient middle ear effusion
• Secondary bacterial infx (OM, sinusitis)

PORCH

• -Perforation/Peritonitis
• -Obstruction
• -Recurrence of ulcer
• -Cancer of stomach
• -Hemorrhage (most common) ->Death can result

• Perforation/Peritonitis
• Obstruction
• Recurrence of ulcer
• Cancer of stomach
• Hemorrhage (most common) ->Death can result

ED MUCH

• ESRD
• DEATH

• Metabolic Acidosis
• Uremic syndrome
• Chronic Renal failure
• Hypertension/hyperkalemia

• ESRD
• Chronic renal failure
• Uremic syndrome (encephalopathy)/ GI bleed
• Metabolic acidosis
• Hypertension
• Hyperkalemia

HHH EDEMA U

• HTN, Hyperparathyroidism, hyperkalemia
• Edema
• Death
• ESRD
• Metabolic Acidosis
• Anemia
• Uremic syndrome

• Opportunistic infections (OIs):-
• --Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP)-
• --Candidiasis
• --Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC)
• --------Most common cause of bacteremia in AIDS
• Cytomegalovirus
• HTN
• Neoplasms associated w/ HIV:
• --Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
• --Invasive cervical carcinomas
• -Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
• --Kaposi Sarcoma-

• Some evidence of TTA is part of migraine spectrum
• Potential for medication abuse (butalbital is CII)

- RARELY the patient may have a permanent neuro deficit following an attack, this usually only occurs in a “migraine equivalent”

H CLENSDDD

• Hypoglycemia-can kill a DM pt. quickly (most common)
• - Repeated Hyperglycemic episodes that kill a DM in
• the end
• Cardiovascular disease risks
• Lipodystrophy at the injection site
• ESRD in 40% of pts, it is a major cause of death
• Nephropathy and retinopathy
• Somogyi effect
• Dawn phenomenon
• Diabetic coma
• DKA
• Death

• Hypo/hyperglycemiaLipodystrophyRetinopathy/vision loss
• Renal failure
• CHD, MI, DVT, HTN
• Skin: Gangrene feet, shin spots, candida
• Peripheral polyneuropathy
• Hyperosmolar nonketoic coma
• Death

• CIMP
• Cardiac in nature because of CAD, CHF
• Increased risk of infection
• Megacolon in long term hypothyroidism, miscarriage rarely, myxedema coma usually in elderly women
• Psychosis with “Myxedema Madness”(paranoid delusions)

• Thyroid storm: abrupt onset of severe hyperthyroidism (m.c. cause=Grave’s dz), can lead to arrhythmias (A-fib), delirium, seizures, coma, hyperthermia, and
• death
• *tx= large doses of thioureas and propanolol
• Others: POING
• Paralysis
• Osteoporosis
• Impotence
• Nephrocalcinosis
• Gynecomastia

• Depression
• Anxiety
• Feelings of helplessness
• Limits on daily activities
• Job limitations
• Joint replacement
• Ulcers from NSAIDS



Hip and spine fractures

• Chronic back pain
• Permanent nerve deficits if the spinal cord if compressed for too long, but very rare

• The psuedoclaudication usually resolves but the back pain may persist
• Bowel and bladder incontinence
• Paralysis
• Cauda equina syndrome

• Often death results from malnutrition, secondary infections, pulmonary emboli or heart disease
• Typical duration is 8-10 yrs; can range from 1-25 yrs
• Depression
• Use of antipsychotics can cause heart, infection (aspiration pneumonia), stroke

• Death (Shortens life expectancy by 3 years )
• Focal neurological deficits
• Falls and gait abnormalities
• Behavioral problems (wandering, delusions, hallucinations, and poor judgement)

• 10-15% lifetime risk of suicide- most important complication
• Alcohol/substance abuse
• Work/school problems
• Family conflicts
• Relationship difficulties
• Social isolation

• Risk of reinjury can lead to permanent spine instability
• May lead to disc herniation
• Fracture, dislocation and avulsion of the muscle from the bone
• Bleeding into the muscle