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What is PKU?
- phenylketonuria
- alteration in protein metabolism
- inborn error of phenylalanine utilization
- HIGH BLOOD PHENYLALANINE THAT LEADS TO MENTAL RETARDATION
- must give specialloy prepared milk substitutes for infants (Lofenalac)
- LOW PROTEIN DIET FOR CHILDREN - NO MEATS, DIARY PRODUCTS, EGGS, or NUTRASWEET
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What is gout?
- inborn error of purine metabolism
- alteration in protein metabolism
- HIGH URIC ACID LEVEL THAT LEADS TO PROGRESSIVE JOINT DETERIORATION
- Give LOW-PURINE DIET (no fish or organ meats)
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What is celiac disease?
- sprue
- inborn error of wheat and rye metabolism
- alteration in protein metabolism
- INTESTINAL MALABSORPTION THAT LEADS TO MALNUTRITION
- Diarrhea
- Failure to thrive
- GLUTEN-FREE DIET (no wheat, oats, rye, or barley)
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What conditions alter protein metabolism?
- PKU
- Gout
- Celiac disease
- Renal failure
- Protein allergy
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What conditions alter fat metabolism?
- Hepatobiliary disease
- Cystic fibrosis
- Atherosclerosis
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What is hepatobiliary disease?
- decreased bile leads to fat malabsorption
- alteration in fat metabolism
- LOW-FAT, HIGH-PROTEIN DIET
- VITAMINS
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What is cystic fibrosis?
- alteration in fat metabolism
- absence of pancreatic enzymes leads to malabsorption of fat (and fat-soluble vitamins), weight loss
- infection and lung disease lead to increased needs for calories and protein
- GIVE PANCREATIC ENZYME REPLACEMENT (cotazym pancreas) BEFORE OR WITH MEALS
- HIGH PROTEIN DIET
- HIGH CALORIE DIET - in advance stages
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What is atherosclerosis?
- Alteration in fat metabolism
- Thickenin and hardenin of the arteries
- Associated with high blood cholesterol levels and triglyceride levels
- Risk factors - diet, high blood pressure, diabetes, stress, sedentnary lifestyle, and smoking
- GIVE LOW-SATURATED FAT DIET
- GIVE CHOLSTEROL-LOWERING AGENTS GIVEN BEFORE MEALS
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