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In class, philosophy (in the academic sense that we'll be exploring) was defined as:
an attempt to arrive at reasoned answers to questions which by reason of their ultimacy are not dealt with by any of the more specialized disciplines.
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epistemology
Does a belief have to be justified to count as knowledge?
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Which of the following quotations appears on page 158 in Russell's "The Value of Philosophy"?
"The private world of instinctive interests is a small one, set in the midst of a great and powerful world which must, sooner or later, lay our private world in ruins."
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enthymeme
an argument in which at least one premise, or the conclusion, or both, is left unstated
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valid
the argument's evidence, if true, guarantees that the conclusion will also be true
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premise :
a statement which provides supporting evidence or reason to believe a conclusion
(strong) the argument's evidence, if true, shows that the conclusion is probably true
(conclusion, ideally) the most controversial statement in a good philosophical argument
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When we find that an argument has a false premise, we can conclude:
nothing about whether the inferential connection is good or bad.
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