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Cribriform plate fracture-CNI
- Anosmia-loss of smell
- rhinnorhea-CSF leakage through nose
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Direct trauma to orbit,eyeball or fracture to optic canal-CNII
loss of pupillary constriction
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Pressure on optic pathway;laceration or intracerebral clot in temporal, parietal, occ lobes-CNII
visual filed defects
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Increased CSF pressure-CNII
papilledema-swelling of optic disc
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pressure from herniating uncus on nerve; fracture involving cavernous sinus; aneurysm-CNIII
- pupil dialation
- ptosis-droopy eyelid
- eye rotates down & out
- pupillary reflex on side of lesion will be lost
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stretching of nerve during its course around brainstem; fracture orbit-CNIV
inability to rotate adducted eye inf
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Injury to CNV2(maxillary) branch in roof in max sinus; pathologic processes(tumors,aneurysms,infections)-CNV
- loss of pain & touch sensations/paresthia on face
- loss of corneal reflex
- mastication musc paralysis
- mandible deviation to side of lesion w/open mouth
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Base of brain or fracture involving cavernous sinus/orbit-CNVI
- inability to rotate eye laterally
- diplopia on lat gaze
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Laceration or contusion in parotid region-CNVII
- facial musc paralysis; eye remains open; angle of mouth droops
- forehead not wrinkle
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fracture of temp bone-CNVII
- cochlear nerve & chorda tympani
- facial musc paralysis, eye open, mouth droops & forhead not wrinkle
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Intracranial hematoma(stroke)-CNVII
- paralysis of lower facial musc contralateral to lesion
- upper facial musc not affected b/c they are bilaterally innervated
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Tumor of nerve-CNVIII
- progressive unilateral hearing loss,
- tinnitus-noises in ear
- vertigo-loss of balance
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Brainstem lesion or deep laceration of neck-cNIX
- loss of taste on post 1/3 tongue
- loss of sensation on affected side of soft palate
- loss of gag reflex on affected side
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Brainstem lesion or deep laceration of neck-CNX
- Sagging soft palate
- deviation of uvula to unaffected side
- hoarseness owing to vocal cord paralysis
- difficulty swallowing/speaking
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Laceration of neck-CNXI
- sternocleidomastoid paralysis
- trap sup fiber paralysis
- shoulder droop
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Neck laceration; basal skull fractures-CNXII
- protruded tongue deviates toward affected side
- moderate dysarthria(disturbance of articulation
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