Chem 4, College of the Desert

• Common Fatty Acids:
• Saturated
• Name #of "C" M.P.(^oC) Ex:
• L Lauric 12 44 Cocanut oil
• M Myristic 14 58 Butter Fat
• P Palmitic 16 63 Most fats & oil
• S Stearic 18 70 Most fats & oil Unsaturated (1 or more double bonds)
• Name #of "C" M.P.(oC) Ex:
• O Oleic 18 4 Olive Oil
• L Linoleic 18 -5 Vegetable oil
• L Linolenic 18 -11 Soybean&Cornola
• A Arachidonic 20 -50 Lard

• Wax: A mixture of monoestersof long-chain carboxylic Acids with long-chain alcohols.
• (RCOOR') long straight hydrocarbon chain in both R groups: They are secreted by sebaceous glands in the skin of animals and perform mostly external protective functions.

• Triacylglycerol (Triglyceride): A triester of glycerol with three Fatty Acids (FA).
• Are carboxylic acid triesters of glycerol, a three-Carbon trialcohol. Triacylglycerols are found as the fats stored in our bodies and in most dietary fats and oils.
• [Major source of Biochemical energy]

Fat: A mixture of triacylglycerols that is solid because it contains a high praportion of saturated Fatty Acids (FA).

• Micelle: A spherical cluster formed by the aggragation of soap or deturgent molecules so that their hydrophobic ends are in the center and their hydrophilic ends are on the surface.

Ficilitated Diffusion: Passive transport across a cell membrain with the assistance of a protein that changes shape.

Eicosanoid: A lipid derived from a 20-Carbon unsaturated carboxylic acid.

• Not an ESTER!
• Not an AMIDE!

[special type of intercellular messanger]

Concentration Gradient: A differance in consentration within the same system.

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid: A long chain carboxylic acid that has two or more Carbon-Carbon double bonds (C=C).

Saturated Fatty Acid: A long chain carboxylic acid containing only Carbon-Carbon single bonds (C-C).

• Lauric: Saturated Fatty Acid containing 12 Carbon atoms; has a M.P. of 44^oC; It is the "L" in "L"MPS.
• Example: Cocanut oil

• Myristic: Saturated Fatty Acid containing 14 Carbon Atoms; has a M.P. of 58^oC; Is the "M" in L"M"PS.
• Ex: Butter Fat

• Palmitic: Saturated Fatty Acid containing 16 Carbon Atoms; has a M.P. of 63^oC; is the "P" in LM"P"S.
• Ex: Most Fats and Oils

• Stearic: Saturated Fatty Acid containing 18 Carbon atoms; has a M.P. of 70^oC; is the "S" in LMP"S".
• Ex: Most Fats and Oils

• Oleic: Unsaturated Fatty Acid containing 18 Carbon Atoms; has a M.P. of 4^oC; is the "O" in "O"LLA.
• Ex: Olive oil

• Linoleic:Unsaturated Fatty Acid containing 18 Carbon Atoms; has a M.P. of -5^oC; is the "L" in O"L"LA.
• Ex: Vegitable oils

• Linolenic:Unsaturated Fatty Acid containing 18 Carbon Atoms; has a M.P. of -11^oC; is the "L" in OL"L"A.
• Ex: Soybean & Cornola oils

• Arachidonic: Unsaturated Fatty Acid containing 20 Carbon atoms; has a M.P. of -50^oC; is the "A" in OLL"A".
• Ex: Lard

Degree of Unsaturation: The numberof Carbon-Carbon double bonds (C=C) in a molecule.

Fatty Acid (FA): A long-chain carboxylic acid; those in animal fats and vegetable oils often have 12-22 Carbon Atoms.

Oil: A mixture of triaclglycerols that is liquid because it contains a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.

• Liposome: A spherical structure in which a lipid bilayer surrounds a water droplet (as seen in the picture).

• Arachidonic Acid:

• Passive Transport: Movement of a substance across a cell membrain without the use of energy, from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.

• Active Trasport: Movement of substance across a cell membrane with the assistance of energy (for example, from ATP).
• [Ratio: 2K_in 3Na_out]