Science Sem 2 Exam

a large region characterized by a specific type of climate and certain types of plants and animal communities

refers to the weather conditions, such as temperature, precipitation, humidity, and winds, in an area over a long period of time

the distatnce north or south of the equator, measured in degrees

the height of an object above sea level

the top layer of a rainforest, consisting of the tallest trees, 60-70m

the primary layer of the rainforest

plants that use the entire surface of a tree as a place to live

the lowest layer of the rainforest, gets almost no light

a layer of soil that is permanently frozen throughout the year

organisms thatcannot swim against currents, drifters

free-swimming organisms

bottom-dwelling organisms

a zone in lakes or ponds, near the shore, has diverse and abundant aquatic life

a zone in lakes or ponds, the bottom of a pond or lake

an increase in the amount of nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem

a lake that has a large amount of algae and plant growth due to nutrients

tiny coral animals

when corals turn white

all the members of a species living in the same place at the same time

the number of individuals per unit area or volume

the relative distribution or arrangement of its individuals within a given amount of space

the birth rate - the death rate =

the maximum number of offspring that each member of th population can produce

when populations grow faster and faster

the maximum population that an ecosystem can support indefinately

an area defended by one or more individuals against other individuals

deaths occur more quickly in a crowded population than in a sparse one

a certain proportion of a population dies regargless of the density

the unique role of a species within an ecosystem

a relationship in which two species live in close association

the number of different species in an area

species that are criticcal to the functioning of an ecosystem

a form of tourism that supports the conservation and sustainable development of ecologically unique areas

a species that is likely to become extinct if protective measures are not taken immediately

a species that has a declining population and is likely to become endangered if it is not protected

a species that is not native to a particular region

species that are native to and found only in a limited area

the most threatened areas of high species diversity on Earth

any form of genetic material, such as contained within the reproductive, or germs, cells of plants and animals

the remains of ancient organisms that changed into coal, oil, of natural gas

a machine that converts mechanical energy, or motion, into electrical energy

a wheel that changes the force of a moving gas or liquid into energy that can do work

oil that is pumped from the ground

another name for petroleum

oil deposits that can be extracted profitably at current prices using current technology

when nuclei split and release energy

when nuclei combine to create energy

energy from sources that are constantly being formed

energy sources that are still in development

the percentage of energy put into a system that does useful work

saving energy

any discarded solid material

a material that can be broken down by natural processes

the watse produced by households and businesses

a permanent waste disposal facility where wastes are put into the ground andcovered each day with a layer of soil/plastic/both

a liquid that has passed through compacted solid waste in a landfill

any change in design, mnufacture, purchase, or use of materials or products to reduce their amount or toxicity before they become municipal waste

the process of reusing materials or recovering valuable materials from waste or scrap

a dark brown, crumbly material made from decomosed plant and animal matter that is spread on gardens and fields to enrich the soil

any watse that is a risk to the health of humans or other living things

when wastes are pumped deep into the ground, where they are absorbed into a dry layer of rock below the level of groundwater

a pond that has a sealed bottom

name the type of bond that holds together the nitrogen bases in DNA

a very long molecule, a polymer, found in the nucleus

name the 4 base pairs

name the bases and their pairs

the shape of DNA

name the three parts of a DNA nucleotide

who studied pea plants

when DNA makes copies of itself

name the two types of cell division

somatic cells

what type of division does somatic cells go through

sex cells

the haploid number

the diploid number

long strnads of DNA

a chart of chromosome pairs

a code for the production of different proteins

how many amino acids are there

long chains of amino acids

the passing of characteristics from parent to offspring

characteristics that are inherited

alternative forms of a gene for each variation of a trait

the physical trait

the gene combination for a specific trait

a cross involving one trait

inheritance patterns where the phenotype of the heterozygote is intermediate

inheritance patterns where both alleles of the trait are seen

symbloized with 2 capital letters, a pattern of inheritance

the inheritance pattern with apostrophies

traits controlled by gene located on the sex chromosome

has x^R and y

how are blood types A and B sybmolized

how is blood type O symbloized

the sex chromosome

name the purines

name the pyrimidines

what replaces thymine

double ringed

single ringed

where is the genetic code?

a freshwater wetland dominated by non-woody plants

a freshwater wetland dominated by woody plants

rootlike structures, what mosses use to anchor to a rock

run parallel to sandy shores

name the limiting resources in aquatic ecosystems

faster stream=________ oxygen

rivers have _____ nutrients and _____ oxygen

name the two types of plankton

the portion of the shoreline that is covered with water at high tide and exposed at low tide

name the two ocean zones

this ocean zone has sunlight and abundant life

this ocean zone has no sunlight and highly adapted life

a circuit with one path

a circuit with alternate paths in case one light goes out

the magnetic field in an electric generator

a huge fan that generates electricity when the baldes spin

the formula for energy efficiency

pollutants that directly harm the air

name the primary pollutants (5)

name secondary pollutants (3)

name some ways to spin a turbine

name 3 ways to directly create electricity

name 2 ways we call energy useful

pressure that pushes electrons through a circuit

the measure of the pressure applied to electrons to make them move

a measure of the strength of the current in a circuit

what is voltage measured in

the number of electrons flowing passed a fixed point

electrons flowing between two points having different voltage

what is current measured in

a property that slows the flow of electrons

what is resistance measured in

any device placed in a circuit to do work

current X resistance=

voltage=

a measure of the rate of doing work or the rate at which energy is converted

the amount of electric current flowing due to applied voltage

what is electrical power measured in

power=

voltage X current=

what is electrical energy measured in

what is the unit used when billing people

energy=

power X time=

name ways to increase ther light (brighter light)

how do you find the cost of energy ($)

name the two types of energy

compressed strings and stretched rubber bands are stored________

the vibration and movement of atoms and molecules within substances

energy stored in the center of atoms

the movement of energy through substances in longitudal waves

the movement of objects and substances from place to place

electromagnetic energy travelling in transverse waves

energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules

the movement of anything

the movement of electrons

the amount of useful energy that you can get from a system

the energy in petroleum and coal is stored _______ energy

x-rays=

fission and fusion

used in the stars

combining nuclei to make energy

breaking down nuclei to make energy

movement energy

energy of waves

number of peaks that pass a point in one time

the distance between peaks

intermediate energy

the most difficult energy to release

earth's system pertaining to matter

earth's system pertaining to energy

what does the first law of thermodynamics say

force X distance =

work=

a law designed to protect plant and animal species in danger of extinction

a plan thaplant attempts to protect one or more species across large areas of land through trade-offs or cooperative agreements

an international agreement with the goal to preserve biodiversity and ensure the sustainable and fair use of genetic resources in all countries

programs that involve breeding species in captivity, with the hope of reintroducing populations to their natural habitats

IUCN

lists of species around the world in danger of extinction

CITES

the first effective effort to stop the slaughter of african elephants

the UN conference on environment and developement

23.5 degree north line

23.5 degree south line

name the biomes in the tropic area

name the 3 grassland

65-90 degrees north
50-60 degrees north

65-90 degrees south
50-60 degrees south

very fertile soil, much farming, habitat destruction

no trees, burrowing and grazing animals

dry and wet season

poaching and farming

4 seasons

fertile soil due to leaves falling and adding nutrients to the soil

acidic soil due to pine needles

the most fragile biomes

greatest diversity

where many medicines come from

what percent of earth's surface do oceans cover

what determines the characteristics in a biome

what are biomes described by

where are the protons on the table

protons=

neutrons=

circle the nucleus, valence number

atomic mass=

the densest atmospheric layer

the coldest atmospheric layer

the hottest atmospheric layer

where weather happens

between atmospheric layers

name the atmospheric layers in order

name the 3 zones in the ocean