History 11

• Mountainious-raised sheep for meat & wool
• rocky soil-grew olives
• Surrounded by sea-traded for grain

• Athens
• Sparta

• Nice
• Smart
• Athletic
• Theatricle

• Violint
• Liked killing
• Dumb
• Long body hair

• Had to rely on sea
• Trade for food & supplies
• Had to grow crops that thrived in rocky soil

Sheltered places along the coast 4 ships and town peeps.

They had many harbors for traders to use.

Along sea trade routes, allowing these cities to grow and the people to communicate with other lands.

Body of land w/ water on three sides.

• The Minoans, who were not Greek, on the island of Crete.

• They were skillful sailors
• Built sturdy ships
• Sail long distances to the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
• They traded pottery for ivory & medal

• Invaded Greece form Central Asia
• Became frist Greek kings
• Major Trading power
• Copied Minoan and took over

• Greeks forgot written language
• Trade slowed
• Poverty
• Bad farming

• Population shifted to Greek Islands & Turkey
• •Expanded Greek culture
• Surplus food & increased trade
• Picked up ideas/Greek alphebet

Iron Weapons were better than Bronze

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A settlement in a new territory that keeps close ties to its homeland.

City-State

• Gathering place at the top of the hill.
• Gathering place and religous center.

A market & a place where people could debate.

• Colonists shiped the parent cities grains and metals while colonists recieved pottery & olive oil from the mainland.
• Led to the growth of industry
• Specilization such as pottery & jewelery

• Greek Citizen Soldiers
• Marched in rows and fought for their city states

Greeks had the right to choose rulers and make laws, vote, own property. In return they had to serve in government and as citizen soldiers

Philip needed to make the Greek city-states part of the kingdom so he would be powerful enough to conciet the Persian Empire

• Someone who takes power by force
• Rules with total authority

• Greek farmers, merchants, & artisans were unhappy with the nobles rules
• They wanted a say in the government

Few people holding power

All citizen sharing in running the government

• Men stayed in army until age 60
• Girls trained in sports
• Men entered army at age 20 and lived in barracks
• Boys trained for war

Captive workers

Enforced the laws of Sparta

• Oligarchy
• Ephors
• By focusing on military training, they fell behind in trade and science.

Spartans feared that enslaved Helots might rebel against Sparta

• Emphasized education over military strenghts
• Boys went to school
• Girls stayed home to learn household duties (some rich girls went to school)

• RED-ATHENS, BLUE-SPARTA, BLACK & YELLOW-LESSON 1 YELLOW AND ORANGE-LESSON 4

• He created a 500 citizen council to carry out daily business.
• All male citizens could openly debate

• Organized government to be better
• Divided empire into 20 Satrapies
• Organized Persian government to work better

• Invaded Greece with 180,000 troops
• Son of Darius

• United Persians into powerful kingdom
• Royal Road

Connected many the many cities in the Persian Empire

Protector of the kingdom

Persian's religion

• They knew they did not have enough soldiers to attack the Persians
• Persians had twice as many soldiers GRAM CRAPERS
• They waited until the strongest part of Persian army boarded a ship to Athens and then attacked the few remaining soldiers on foot.

• The Greek city-states set up colonies in the Eastern Mediterranean
• Greeks clashed with the Persians

All the Greek city-states came together to form a large army and Greeks had smaller and faster ships.

• City states joined together to ward off threat of Persians
• But NOT Sparta

People gather at mass meetings to decide on government matters

Citizens choose a smaller group to make lawa and governmental decisions.

Citizens have a say in how they are governed

• Before - formed to defend against Persia and drive Persians out of Greek territories in Asia Minor. Athens controlled the league with a strong navy used to fight the persians.
• After - Treasury moved to Athens. Athens gained power and sent troops to other city states to help common people rebel agains nobles in power.
• Beginning of Athenian empire and classical age.

Pericles allowed lower class citizens to run for public office.

• All of the Greek city states were weakened.
• Many people died in the fighting and thousands of farms were destroyed.
• People were jobless amd it was impossible for Greeks to unite.

• Athenian General who guided Athens for 30 years
• Help them dominate Delian League
• Demanded strict loyalty and steady payments from ohter city states.

• Athens was getting too rich and powerful so other city states grew suspicious and joined forces against Athens.
• Lasted 27 years

Sparta did not have a navy, so they made a deal with Persia, giving them some Greek land, in exchange for money to build a navy which destroyed the Athenian navy.

• Battle of Plataea
• 479 BC

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