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How is cardiac out put measure and what is the normal range?
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What are 3 factors that determine cardiac output?
Preload, Afterload, and Contractility
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Define Preload
Amount of stretch on the ventricular myocardial muscle at End Diastole
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Define Afterload
The sume of forces or pressure against which the ventricles must pump
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Define contractility
Force of strength of ventricular Contraction
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Name 2 methods used to measure O2 consumption.
- Douglas Bag
- Polarographic method
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Most calcuations are base on an O2 consumption of what amount?
250 ml/min
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What type of sample can be obtained by an arterial sheath?
Arterail Saturation
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What is the accepted carrying cpacity of 1gram of hemoglobin?
1.36
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Where will an Fick Cardiac Output be inaccurate?
In shunts
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What units of measurement is vascular resistance (PVR/SVR) measured in?
dynes/sec/cm-5
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What unit of measurement are valve areas measured in?
cm2
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What unit of measurement is pressure measured in?
mmHg
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What unit of measurement is cardiac output (including Fick) measured in?
L/minute
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What unit of measurement is Volume measured in?
mL
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What is the normal size for mitral valve area?
4.5cm2
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What is the normal range for aortic valve area?
2.5-3.5 cm2
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What sheath and catheter French size do we need for a TD Right Heart Catherization?
7 French
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While doing a TD right heart catherization, a smoothe steady _______ completed in ________ is required.
- Bolus 10mL (or cc) Injection
- less than four seconds
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During a TD, ______ out of _______ Bolus injections must be completed and must be within ______% of each other.
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In TD, prolonged injections, warming injectate before injection, wrong amount of injectate, shunts, and C.O < 3.54 will result in _________.
False High Values
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In TD, computers inaccurately programmed, thrombus on thermister, inaccurate large injectate, wrong size catheter, and valve regurgitation result in _________.
False Low Vaules
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