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Which determines the rate at which materials move through the cell membrane / at which food and oxygen is used up and waste products produced
(the more stuff inside the cell...)
The rate at which materials move through the cell membrane = SURFACE AREA of CELL MEMBRANE
Rate at whcih food and oxygen is used up and waste products produced = VOLUME
... more food and oxygen is needed
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How does the size of a cell affect how efficiently materials get to every part of a cell
The larger the cell becomes, the more demands the cell puts on the DNA
Harder to move nutrients and waste across the cell membrane
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Process of Cell Division
Cell Splits apart as it grows larger. Divides into 2 identical daughter cells
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Surface Area of a Cell -??????
Volume of a Cell
What is the ratio of SA to V
What happens to the ratio of the SA to V as the cell becomes larger
SA
Volume = L x W x H
SA / V
ratio decreases
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What is a cell cycle
- Why called a cycle
- Why is it important for a cell to grow during a cell cycle
- What would happen if the cell grew but did not divide??
Recurring events that take place from the beginning of one cell division to the beginning of the next. It grows and divides, but also produces materials it needs for the next divison
Called a cycle because the process is recurring
It is important for the cell to grow during the cycle so that it can build materials needed for the next division
- Cancer??
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Why must a cell first copy its genetic information before cell division begins
Because it only has one set of genetic information, and so that each daughter cell has an equal copy of information after division
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Cell division in prokaryotes
in Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes: SIMPLE - just separates into two parts
- Eukaryotes: separates in 2 STAGES
- Stage 1: Division of the nucleus (mitosis)
- Stage 2: Division of cytoplasm (cytokinesis)
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How is genetic information passed on in eukaryotes
How does this happen?
By chromosomes
Each chromosome is copied before cell division. During copying, each chromosome has two identical "sister" chromatids. Each pair of chromatids is attached in the center by a centromere
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Cell Cycle - what happens
- Cell Cycle: cell grows, prepares for division, and divides into two identical daughter cells. They each repeat.
- Four Phases
M phase - includes mitosis and cytokinesis- Other three - sometimes grouped together and called interphase
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How many phases in the cycle, what are they called and what do they include?
- Four Phases
- M phase - includes mitosis and cytokinesis
- Other three - sometimes grouped together and called interphase
- Interphase: Divided into three phases: G1, S, and G2
- G1 = cells grow, and make new protein and organelles
- S - replication of chromosomes
- G2 - many of the organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced
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Mitosis (what is it and how many phases)
Process of Cell Division
- 4 PhasesProphase - first and longest phase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
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