Micro1

The specialized area of biology that deals w/ microorganisms or microbes.

Microscopic organisms too small to be seen w/o magnification.

Plants, animals, and microorganisms can be infected by these noncellular, parasitic, protein-coated genetic elements that are dependent on their infected host.

Name six main types of microorganisms. Name four additional ones.

Prokaryotes first appear.

Eukaryotes appear.

Light fueled conversion of carbon dioxide to organic material, accompanied by the formation of oxygen.

T/F? Photosynthetic microorganisms are responsible for more than 50% of the earth's photosynthesis.
True False

The breakdown of dead matter and wastes into simple compounds that can be directed back into the natural cycles of living things.

Many of these are are produced by microbes living in the environment and the digestive tracts of animals.

Percentage of microorganisms that exist beneath and within the earth's crust.

Baker's and brewer's yeast are types of the microorganisms.

Area of biotechnology that manipulates the genetics of microbes, plants, and animals for the purpose of creating new products and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).

Technique that transfers genetic material from one organism to another to deliberately alter DNA.

T/F? Microbes can be engineered to synthesize desireable proteins such as drugs, hormones, and enzymes.
True False

Process that involves introducing microbes into the environment to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants. Relies on many different microbes working together.

T/F? The majority of microorganisms that associate w/ humans are harmful.
True False

What is the approximate number of microbes that can cause human disease?

Number of deaths from infectious diseases worldwide.

Infectious disease that are on the rise. (4)

Infectious diseases that have been eradicated. (4)

Most common infectious cause of death.

Bacterium that causes gastric ulcers.

T/F? An association has been established between certain cancers and viruses.
True False

Diabetes have been linked to this virus.

Virus that has been linked to schizophrenia.

T/F? Diseases like multiple sclerosis, OCD, and coronary artery disease have been linked to chronic infections w/ microbes or viruses.
True False

Which are smaller and lack organelles, pro- or eukaryotic cells?

Small double membrane bound structures that perform specific functions. i.e. nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts.

T/F? All prokaryotes are microorganisms, but only some eukaryotes are microorganisms.
True False

T/F? A virus contains both DNA and RNA.
True False

Microbes that require interactions w/ other organisms.

Provided the earliest record of microbes.

Developed a single lens microscope. Observed "animalcules" in water and plaque from teeth. Father of bacteriology and protozoology.

Conducted an experiment w/ meat in jars that disproved the spontaneous generation of maggots,

Conducted an experiment with sterilized swan neck bottles and proved that a cell comes from a cell. Helped understand the microbial role in wine and beer formation.

When was the first prototype of the modern compound microscope made?

An entire body of ideas that expresses or explains mant aspects of a phenomenon, often developed through years of research and added to or modified by new findings.

Provided initial evidence that some microbes in dust and air have very high heat resistance.

Discovered and detailed heat-resistant bacterial endospores.

Being completely free of all life forms and virus particles.

His studies linked microbes w/ a specific disease. Established postulates - series of proofs that verified the germ theory. Along w/ colleagues, invented most culturing techniques.

Physician who observed that mothers who delivered at home had fewer infections than those who gave birth in hospitals. Semmelweis showed that women became infected after examinations had been performed by physicians who had just done autopsies.

Introduced aseptic techniques aimed at reducing microbes in a medical setting and preventing wound infections.

A theory supported by much data collected over time.

The science of classifying living things. Linne or Linnaeus laid down basic rules for classification.

Three primary concerns of modern taxonomy.

The assignment of scientific names to various the various taxonomic categories and individual organisms.

The orderly arrangement of organisms into a hierarchy of taxa.

Discovering and recording traits or organisms so that they may be recognized or named and olaced in an overall taxonomic scheme.

Taxonomic categories from top to bottom.

The method of assigning scientific or specific name. The name is a combo of the generic (genus) name followed by the species name.

Founded on the two preconceptions that 1) all new species originate from preexisting species and 2) closely related organisms have similar features because they evolved from a common ancestor. Accounts for millions of different species on earth and their adaption to the many diverse habitats.

The study of structure of organisms

The study of function

The study of inheritance of organisms.

Developed the five kingdom system for general taxonomic arrangements or kingdoms based on structural similarities and differences and the way organisms obtained nutrition.

Whittaker's 5 major kingdoms, and the two major cell types.

Woese discovered that the macromolecule located in this organelles was highly conserved and nearly identical in organisms within the species.

Archaea, characterized by their ability to live in extreme conditions, were grouped with these before it was discovered that its ssu rRNA was significantly different.

Archaea's prokarytic structure and close relation to eukaryotes resulted in Woese and Fox to create these major taxonomic units. Name them (3).

T/F? Viruses belong to the domain bacteria.
True False

Which of the following parts was absent from Leeuwnhoek's microscopes?

focusing screw
lens
specimen holder
condenser

Term that refers to spontaneous generation of organisms from nonliving matter.

Couple responsible for agar.