Micro Final

  1. Techoic acids
    Gram +
  2. Outer membrane
    Gram -
  3. Periplasm
    Gram - (bet cell wall and cell memb)
  4. Damages bacterial DNA; thymine dimers
    UV light
  5. Things that kill endospores (sterilizing)
    • (1) Ethylene oxide
    • (2) gluteraldehyde
    • (3) chlorine dioxide
  6. What enzyme relaxes DNA supercoil?
    DNA girase
  7. What enzyme adds nucleotides to the growing DNA molecule?
    ZDNA polimerase
  8. What unwinds double stranded DNA?
    Helicase
  9. The process of making RNA (mRNA) from DNA is called what?
    Transcription
  10. Each codon (on mRNA) can call for more than one amino acid
    Degeneracy
  11. Genetic transfer - "naked DNA in a solution"
    Transformation
  12. Genetic transfer where bacterial DNA from donor to recipient by way of virus

    (bacteriophage)
    Transduction
  13. Virus that infects DNA
    Bacteriophage
  14. A population of cells derived from a single parent cell
    Pure culture (used for testing)
  15. Only genus testing + for acid-fast stain

    (will appear red)
    Mycobacterium
  16. Testing for enzymes to differentiate bugs
    Biochemical testing
  17. Grows as a yeast at 37 C and a fungus at 22 C
    Dimorphic fungus
  18. Produces streptokinases which lyses fibrin
    Group A Strep pyogenes
  19. Ferment glucose, oxidase -
    Enterobacteriace
  20. Enterobacteriaciae (gnb)
    Salmonella, Shigella, E.coli
  21. Do NOT ferment glucose, oxidase +
    Pseudomonas (gnb)
  22. #1 cause of UTIs
    E.coli
  23. Anaerobes, produce endospores, toxins are possible for disease
    Clostridium
  24. Staph, Strep, Cornebacterium, Clostridium, Bacillus, Enterococcus, Listeria
    Gram +
  25. Needs multiple hosts to cause disease
    Sporozoa
  26. RX was used before surgery, effective against gram +
    Hexoclorophene
  27. Staph food poisoning
    Ingestion of staph enterotoxin
  28. Bacillary dysentery
    Shigella
  29. Rice water stool
    Vibro cholera-Cholera
  30. Vibro parahemolyticus
    Gastroenteritis (seafood)
  31. Thyphoid fever
    Salmonella typhi
  32. Vibro vulnificus
    Rapid tissue destruction, sepsis, wound infection
  33. Campylobacter
    GI distress, can grow at refridge temps
  34. Targets parotid salivary glands
    Mumps (GI viral)
  35. Norovirus

    (cruise)
    GI distress, vomiting, diarrhea
  36. Parvovirus B19
    5th Disease
  37. German Measles
    Rubella
  38. Spirochaetes

    (axial filament, corkscrew movement)
    Treponema pallidium causes syphillis

    Borrelia berdorferie causes lyme disease
  39. cysts of Etamoeba histolytica
    Amoebic dysentary (protozoan GI)
  40. Opthalmia neonatorum
    infants eyes become infected from mom carrying gonorrhea
  41. M protein (cell wall component) found in S.pyogrnes makes it more?
    • 1- heat/acid resistant
    • 2-attachment
    • 3-evade phagocytosis
  42. Opa
    found in OM of N.gonorrhea, helps with attachment
  43. Cytokines that interfere w viral multiplication
    Interferons
  44. WBC highly phagocytic, can leave blood and enter tissue, 1st responders
    Neutrophils
  45. 1st antibody produced in a primary infection, short lived
    IgM
  46. Most abundant Ig in your serum, long-lived, can cross placenta
    IgG
  47. Most abundant Ig in our body/body secretions
    IgA
  48. Ig responsible for allergic reactions/parasitic infection
    IgE (can bind to many cells and basophils/eosinophil)
  49. T cell that will secrete cytokines?
    T helper
  50. T cell that kills target cell, releases perforins and granzymes
    Cytotoxic Tcell
  51. T cell that keeps immune system in check (suppresses immature Tcells, protects intestinal bacteria)
    T regulating cell (suppressor)
  52. Chemical messenger of the immune system
    cytokine
  53. Messengers between WBC's
    Interleukin
  54. Interfere w viral replication, specific to host, not virus
    Interferons
  55. Anemnestic response
    second exposure to antigen (memory)
  56. A precipitation reaction carried out in gel agar
    Immunodiffusion test
  57. Breaks down beta lactam ring of Penn group
    Enzyme penicillinase
  58. Clavulanic acid
    combined w antibiotic, prevents action of penicillinase
  59. Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acids
    Isoniazid
Author
MariaParadiso
ID
87279
Card Set
Micro Final
Description
Final review
Updated