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Name the 3 subphylums of the Phylum Chordata.
- Urochordata
- Cephalochordata
- Vertebrata
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The hagfish belongs to what class?
What are its characteristics?
- Myxinoidea
- jawless
- scaleless
- cartilanginous skeleton
- lack vertebrae
- has mucous glands
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Protochordates are an informal category, of what?
What groups does it compose of? (3)
- = invertebrate that are close to vertebrates
- Phylum Hemichordata
- Subphylum Urochordata
- Subphylum Cephalochordata
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Hermichordata consist of?
What are its characteristics?
- marine worms
- endostyle
- pharyngeal slits
- dorsal nerve cord
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What are the 5 characteristics of Chordates?
- notochord
- pharyngeal slits
- dorsal nerve cord
- endostyle
- postanal tail
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Sumphylum Urochodata consists of?
Tunicates, who loses its chordate characteristics as an adult
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Subphylum Cephalochordata consist of?
sand lance, Branchiostoma
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Lampreys belong to what class?
Petromyzontida
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Class Chondrichthyes consists of ?
What kind of tail do they have?
What kind of scales?
- sharks, rays, ratfish
- heterocercal
- placoid scales
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Class Osteichthyes consists of what 2 groups?
What are each of their characteristics?
What kind of tail?
What kind of scales?
- Actinopterygii = ray finned
- Sarcopterygii = fleshy fin, lung
- homocercal tail, both bony fishes
- cosmine, cycloid, ctenoid scales
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Class Amphibia, 3 subclasses? Characteristics?
- Urodela (salamaders and newts)
- Anura (frogs and toads)
- Gymnophiona (caecilians or apodans)
- Loss of scale, reduced bones, small
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Class Reptilia
Characteristics?
Skull?
- first amniotes
- 1) Parareptilia = turles
- 2) Eureptilia
- i) Lepidosauria (2 Orders) = Sphenodonta (tuatara) + Squamata (lizrds, snakes)
- ii) Archosauria = Crocodilia + Dinosaurs&Aves
- anapsid and diapsid (snakes, lizards, crocs)
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Class Aves
Skull?
Characteristics?
- diapsid skull
- warm blooded
- feathers, hollow bones
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Class Mammalia
Skull?
Orders? (3)
- Synapsid
- Monotremata (platupus, anteaters)
- Metatheria (marsupials) (yolk)
- Eutheria (chorioallantoic placenta)
- (Theria = live birth)
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Deuterostome development characteristics?
- radial cleavage
- form coelom by entercoely
- bastopore = anus
- indeterminate cleavage
- skeleton from inner mesoderm
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Protostome development characteristics?
- spiral cleavage
- corm coelom by schizocoely
- blastopore= mouth
- determinate cleavage
- skeleton from outer ectoderm
- eg starfish
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Amount of yoke type? (3)
"LECITHAL"
- Microlecithal (eg urchin ; enterocoely)
- Mesolecithal (eg frog ; schizocoely)
- Macrolecithal (eg chick)
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Stages of embryo?
Blastulation (3)
Gastrulation
Neurulation
Organogenesis
- Zygote
- Morula "pillberry"
- Bastula (has hollow cavity = blastocoel)
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Ectoderm (gastrula): name 3 nerula.
What are the organs?
- epidermal ectoderm
- neural plate
- neural crest ectoderm
- forms: epidermis, mouth, thalamus, brain, spinal cord
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Endoderm (gastrula)
Organs formed?
- esophagus
- tracheal tube
- stomach
- liver
- pancreas
- urinary bladder
intestines
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Mesoderm (gastrula)
Name 4 types of mesoderm AND they subgroups.
List the organs formed.
- 1) notochord
- 2) epimere
- - dermatostome = dermis, dermal bone
- - myotomes = axial muscles
- - schelotome = vertebral column
- 3) Mesomere - kidney, and urinary ducts
- 4) hypomere
- - somatic = limbs, gonads
- - splanchnic = heart, vessels
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