FINAL CH 12-26

• Regulate body temp
• Maintain electrolyte and fluid balance
• Protection
• Excretion
• Metabolism (Vitamin D)

Itching

• Drying agents
• Antihistamines
• Topical Corticosteroids
• Local Anesthetics

Zinc Oxide- Calamine Lotion

dyphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Benadryl

hydrocortisone (Cortaid)

Cortaid

• Benzocaine (Chloraseptic)
• lidocaine

• lanolin
• aloe vera

Help retain skin moisture.

• podophyllin solution
• salicylic acid

Uses: warts, acne

lindane (Kwell)

• Organic pestisides
• Contraindicated in pregnancy

• Tinea
• Candida

Ringworm

JockItch

Thrush

• ketoconazole- (Nizoral) Ringworm
• tolnaftate-(Tinactin) Athletes foot

Nizoral (Ringworm)

• clotrimazole- (Lotrimin) vaginitis
• nystatin- (mycostatin) Thrush

(Lotrimin) Vaginitis

(Mycostatin) Thrush

Herpes Zoster- Shingles

• acyclovir (Zovirax)
• valacyclovir (Valtrex)

decreases duration of viral shedding

• oral HSV 2
• Long term for suppressive therapy

Control or inhibit growth of bacteria

Kill bacteria on contact

providone iodine solution (Betadine)

silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene cream)

Type 1 benzoyl peroxide (Clearasil)

clindamycin (Celocin0T)

Oral Retinoids (Isotretinoin) Accutane

Fluid loss that cannot be measured.

More than >3ml/min or >4.5 lt/day

lowers blood pressure

Loop Diuretics

spironolactone (Aldactone)

Head injuries

mannitol (Osmitol)

Inflammatory disease in which crystals of Uric Acid deposit in a joint.

• indomethacin (Indocin)
• allopurinol (Zyloprim)

The inability to control bladder functions.

• The inability to empty properly.
• Urethral blockage

Increased abdominal pressure

Bladdder oversensitivity from infection.

Block parasympathetic receptors in the bladder.

Orange Urine

phenazopyradine (Pyridium)

Abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland.

• finasteride (Proscar)
• tamsulosin (Flomax)

Allergies

Stomach Acid

• Gastric Acid
• Mucous
• Epithelial Cells

Kills many infectious organinsms. But also harmful to unprotected digestive tissue.

Protects the lining of the GI tract from the gastric acid.

Constantly forming new cells that line the stomach.

Peptic Ulcer Disease

Gastro- Esophogeal Reflux Disease

• Antacids
• Histamine-2 blocking agents
• Proton pump inhibitors
• Gastro mucosal agents

• aluminum (Amphojel)
• calcium carbonate (Tums)

Antacids decrease effectiveness of almost ALL other medications.

• cimetidine (Tagamet)
• ranitadine (Zantac)

May ecrease intrinsic factor production.

• Omeprazole (Prilosec)
• rabeprazole (Aciphex)

Pernicuous Anemia

• Misoprostol (Cytotec)
• sucralfate (Carafate)

• Uterine contractions
• Spontaneous abortion

diphenoxylate with atropine (Lomotil)loperamide (Imodium)

simethicone (Mylicon, Gas-X)

• Improper Diet
• Insufficient fluid intake
• Lack of activity

psyllium (Metamucil)

Seeds swell to form a gel that softens stool.

ducosate (Colace)

Magnesium Citrate

• bisacodyl (Dulcolax)
• cascara (Castor Oil)
• senna (Senakot)

sorbitol (D-Glucitol)

• ondansetron (Zofran)
• prochlorperazine (Compazine)

Indications: Nausea, vommitting, motion sickness

• Aerobic
• Anaerobic

Oxygen neccessary for normal metabolism.

• Oxygen not required.
• May be toxic

• Broad Spectrum
• Narrow Spectrum

• Bacteriostatic
• Bacteriacidal

drug that inhibits the growth of an infectious organism.

Drug that kills the infectious organism.

• Incomplete Treatment
• Frequent overuse

Hospital acquired often resistant to at least ine drug.

Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hepatoxicity, blood abnormalities, phototoxicity

Superinfection: NEW infection caused disruption of normal balance.

Short term treatment of serious infecitons.

gentamcin 1964

• cephalexin (Keflex) - 1st generation
• cefaclor (Ceclor)- 2nd Generation
• ceftriaxone (Rocephin)- 3rd Generation

• erythromycin (E-mycin)
• azithromycin (Zithromax)

ampicillin (Principen)- Broad Spectrum

• ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
• levofloxacin (Levaquin)

doxycycline (Vibramycin)

SE's: Yellowing of the teeth

Antagonistic: w oral BC pills

• amphotericin B (Fungizone)
• fluconazole (Diflucan)

• izoniazid (INK) alone or with
• rifampin (Rifadin)

• Dysentery
• trichomonas (STD)
• giardia (travelers)

SE's: Abdominal pain, metallic taste.

amantadine (Symmetrel)

Indicaitons: INFLUENZA VIRAL INFECTIONS

• sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim =
• co-trimoxazole (Bactrim, Septra)

• morphine sulfate (Morphine)
• codeine (Codeine)

Controlled drigs Sched 2-3

• hydrocodone (Lorcel)
• meperidine (Demerol)
• oxycodone (Oxycontin)

Very high abuse potential

nalaxone (Narcan)

Non Opiate drugs combined with opiates to potentiate analgesics effect.

acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin ASA)

ASA + acetominophen + Caffeine= Excedrine

They block the formation pf PROSTAGLANDIN, a chemical that produces inflamation and pain of many conditions.

cyclo oxygenase (COX) enzymes

Stomach becomes vulnerable to bleeding.

• ibuprofen
• indomethacin (Indocin)
• ketorolac (toradol)

Leaves COX 1 unblocked, thus protects the gastric mucosa

celecoxib (Celebrex)

No antiinflammatory effects

mimics opiates but it is not a narcotic

• Salicyclates
• Anti inflammatory
• acetominophen
• tramadol

sumatripan (Imitrex)

Primarily used to induce sleep.

diphenhydramine (Benadryl, Nytol)

phenobarbitol (Luminol)

SE's: Respiratory Depression

• midazolam (Versed)
• lorazepam (Ativan)

• Mental alertness
• Emotions
• Behavior

• Indrease activity of brain and spinal cord
• Originally used for obesity and depression.
• Now mainly used for att. deficit syndromes.
• High potential for abuse.

amphetamine (Adderall)

methylpenidate

• venlafaxine (Effexor)
• fluoxetine (Prozac)

usefull in smoking cessation

Useful in agitated depresions

lithium (Eskalith)

SE's: Tremors, excessive thirst. (polydipsia)

amitriptyline (Elavil)

Breaks down dopamine and norepinephrine.

phenelzine (Nardil)

A response to an enviromental Stressor

Most common symptom : FEAR

• diazepam (Valium)
• aprazolam (Xanax)

• chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
• olanzapine (Zyprexa)

Thorazine

Zyprexa

The pituitary gland

• Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)
• Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
• Somotatropin (Humsn growth hormone)

Stress

Adddisons Disease

Cushing's Syndrome

• Delayed wound healing
• Increased risk of infection
• Osteaperosis (bone loss)
• Hyperglycemia and diabetes
• Mood swings/ Depression

• Avoid prolonged use
• Discontinue Gradually

• hydrocortisone (Sulo- Cortef)
• prednisone (Deltasone)

(Sulo-Cortef)

(Deltasone)

in an adult called Myxedema

hormone produced in the pancreas

Inadequate insulin production Type 1

Insulin resistance at the tissue level

• No cure
• Long term efffects:
• -cardiovascular disease
• -Kidney failure
• -Blindness (#1 cause in the us)
• -Nerve Damage

• regular insulin (Humulin- R)
• NPH/ regular insulin (Novolin 70/30)

• glipizide (Glucotrol)
• glyburide (Diabeta)
• metformin (Glucophage)

• Hypotension (Low blood pressure)
• Bradychardia (slow heart rate)
• Tachycardia (Fast heart rate)

nitroglycerin (Nitrostat, Nitro-Bid)

isosorbide (Isodril)

the inability of the heart to provide enough circulation of blood to meet the oxygen and nutrient requirements of the boddy.

• diuretics (Loop)
• Inotropic Agents
• Beta Blockers

Decrease fluid accumulation in the lungs

Increase heart muscle contraction

Improve heart perfomance

digoxin (Lanoxin)

metoprolol (Lopresor)

140/90

enalepril (Vasotec)

Se's: Dry mouth

• propranalol (Inderal)
• atenolol (Tenormin)

diltiazem (Cardizem)

procainamide (Pronestyl)

simvistatin (Zocor)