Admin Test 2

a set of eight steps that includes identifying a problem, selecting a solution, and evaluating the effectiveness of the solution

a discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs

factors that are relevant in a decision

putting a decision into action; includes conveying the decision to the persons who will be affected by it and getting their commitment to it

implication that the outcome of every possible alternative is known

A condition under which there is not full knowledge of the problem and reasonable probabilities for alternative outcomes cannot be determined

Probabilility that a particular outcome will result from a given decision

• based on traditional pro and con lists
• presents possible options
• for more complex problems
• involves getting all pertinent information

• Expertise
• Creative-thinking skills
• Intrinsic task motivation

understanding, abilities, knowledge, proficiencies, necessary in the field of creative endeavors

the personality characteristics associated with creativity, the ability to use analogies, as well as the talent to see the familiar in a different light

the desire to work on something because it's interesting, involving, exciting, satisfying or personally challenging

The ability to produce novel and useful ideas

• Policy
• Procedure
• Rule

general guide that establishes parameters for making decisions about recurring problems

• a series of interrelated sequential steps that can be used to respond to a well-structured problem
• (policy implementation)

• explicit statement that tells managers what they ought or ought not to do
• (limits on procedural actions)

• Directive
• Analytic
• Conceptual
• Behavioral

characterizes the low tolerance for abiguity and a rational way of thinking of individuals who are logical and efficient and typically make fast decisions that focus on the short term

Characterizes the high tolerance for ambiguity combined with a rational way of thinking of individuals who prefer to have complete information before making a decision

individuals who tend to be very broad in outlook, to look at many alternatives, and to focus on the long run and often look for creative solutions

Individuals who think intuitively but have a low tolerance for uncertainty; they work well with others, and are open to suggestions, and are concerned about the individuals who work for them

• make more accurate decisions
• more complete info
• greater diversity of experiences and perspectives
• generates more alternatives
• increases acceptance of a solution

• more time consuming, less efficient
• minority domination can influence decision process
• increased pressures to conform (groupthink)
• ambiguous responsibility for the outcomes of decisions

• well-structured problems
• ill-structured problems
• programmed decisions
• non-programmed decisions

• analytical technique
• computer-aided
• wishful thinking
• analogies and metaphors

• brainstorming
• reverse brainstorming
• cardstorming

• all ideas are given equal respect
• there is no criticism
• all ideas are written down and seen by group
• dictate exactly what is said

• environmental
• physical
• emotional
• intellectual
• perceptual
• cultural

• managing and overseeing
• coaching and mentoring
• building and supporting community

planning for change then implementing, putting into operation and evaluating those changes

focusing on keeping center running thru committees, policies, regulations

ability to influence another's behavior

vested right to try and influence others

a group of persons organized for some end or work

an obligation to perform assigned activities

to serve as a trusted counselor or teacher to another person

• provide social support for employees
• provide high task orientation
• provide high degree of technical expertise
• maintain high degree of role differentiation
• provide general supervision--not nosy

• power typically increases when it is given away
• power is not guaranteed
• power has to be earned where authority is given

• coercive
• reward
• legitimate
• expert
• referent

• Exploitative Authoritative- afraid to talk to management
• Benevolent Authoritative- workers less afraid
• Consultative- workers fairly free to talk
• Participative group- friendly interactions, management knows worker problems

participative group

• supportive
• developing
• recognizing
• rewarding
• team building and conflict resolution
• networking

• planning
• clarifying
• monitoring
• problem solving
• informing

process by which management ensures it has the right number and kinds of people in the right places at the right time, who are capable of helping the organization achieve its goals

an assessment of the kinds of skills, knowledge, and abilities needed to successfully perform each job in an organization

• description- written statement of what a job holder does, how it is done, and why it is done
• tasks, duties, and responsibilities that the job entails
• specification- statement of the minimum acceptable qualifications that an incumbent must possess to perform a given job successfully
• knowledge, skills, and abilities required of the job holder

• written tests
• performance-stimulation tests
• interviews
• realistic job preview (RJP)

• prior knowledge about applicant
• stereotypes of good applicants
• favoritism of similar attitudes
• order
• order information is given within the interview
• negative info
• forgetfulness

• interview in which candidates are observed not only for what they say, but how they behave to determine how they might behave under stress
• 8 times more effective

• reduce initial anxiety
• familiarize new employees with the job, work unit, and organization as a whole
• facilitate the outsider-insider transition

sexually suggestive remarks, unwanted touching and sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal and physical conduct of a sexual nature

• training supervisory personnel to identify troubled employees
• designing employee assistant programs (EAPs)
• implementing stronger security
• preventing violence paraphernalia from entering facilities

• provide opportunities for employees to talk to counselors about guilt, anger, etc
• provide group discussions for survivors
• implement employee participation programs such as empowerment and self-managed work teams