-
agnosia
inability to use an object correctly
-
apraxia
inability to carry out a puroseful activity
-
autonomic dysreflexia
- aka hyperreflexia
- occurs with spinal lesions above T6
- some causes include distended bladder, or impacted rectum
-
autonomic dysreflexia S&S
paroxysmal htn, bradycardia, excessive sweating, facial flushing, nasal congestion, pilomotor responses, headache
-
babinskis reflex
- dorsiflexion of the ankle and great toe with fanning of the other toes elicited by firmly stroking the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot
- indicates a disruption of the pyramidal tract
-
brudzinskis sign
- flexion of the head that causes flexion of both thighs at the hips and knee flexion
- indicates meningeal irritation
-
decerebrate posturing
- stiff extension of one or both arms and possibly the legs
- indicates brainstem lesion
-
decorticate posturing
- flexure of one or both arms on the chest and possible stiff extension of the legs
- indicates a nonfunctioning cortex
-
flaccid posturing
no motor response display in any extremity
-
glascow coma scale
- assesses neurological condition
- scale of 1-15
- less than 8 indicates that coma is present
-
halo traction
- insertion of pins or screws into the clients skull and application of a circular fixation device and halo jacket or cast
- used to immobilize the cervial spine
-
hemianopsia
blindness in half of the visual field
-
homonymous hemianopsia
blindness in the same visual field of both eyes
-
increased ICP
- can impede circulation to brain
- absorption of cerebrospinal fluid can affect the functioning of nerve cells
- can lead to brainstem compression and death
-
kernigs sign
- flexure of the thigh and knee to right anges
- when they are extended, it causes spasm of the hamstring and pain
- indicates meningeal irritation
-
nuchal rigidity
- stiff neck
- flexion of the neck onto the chest causes intense pain
-
skull tongs
tongs inserted into the outer aspect of teh clients skull, just above the ears, with application of traction
-
spinal shock
- aka neurogenic shock
- sudden depression of reflex activity in spinal cord below the level of injury (areflexia)
- occurs withing first hr of injury and lasts days to months
-
tensilon test
- diagnoses myasthenia gravis
- also differentiates myasthenic crisis and cholinergic crisis
-
unilateral neglect
- aka neglect syndrome
- client is unaware or doesnt use their paralyzed side after a stroke
-
cerebellum
- consists of left and right hemispheres
- governs sensory and motor activity, and though and learning
-
cerebral cortex
- outer gray layer
- divided into 5 lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, limbic
- responsible for conscious activities of cerebrum
-
frontal lobe
- broccas area for speech
- morals, emotions, reasoning and judgements, concentration and abstraction
-
parietal lobe
- interpretation of taste, pain, touch, temp, and pressure
- spatial perception
-
temporal lobe
- auditory center
- wernickes area for sensory and speech
-
occipital lobe
visual area
-
limbic lobe
- emotional and visceral patterns for survival
- learning and memory
-
basal ganglia
cell bodies in white matter that assist the cerebral cortex in producing smooth voluntary movements
-
dienchepalon
divided into thalamus and hypothalamus
-
thalamus
- relays sensory impulses to cortex
- provides pain gate
- part of reticular activating system
-
hypothalamus
- regulates autonomic responses of the parasympathetic nervous systems
- redulates stress response, sleep, appetite, body temp, fluid balance, and emotions
- responsible for production of hormones by the pit gland and hypothalmus
|
|