Digestive System

Begins at the mouth?

Include the teeth, tongue, and salivary glands

Includes the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

Include the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

No digestion takes place here?

Digestion does take place in some organs

Ends at the anus

Parts of the alimentary tube where digestion takes place

Part of the alimentary tube in which most absorption of nutrients takes place?

Food is broken down to smaller pieces

Food is changed to simpler molecules

Accomplished by specific enzymes

Creates more surface area for the action of digestive enzymes

End products of digestion of fats:

End products of digestion of proteins

End products of digestion of carbohydrates

Other nutrients released during the digestive process

The 1st set of teeth

The first set of teeth consists of how many teeth?

Permanent set of teeth consists of how many teeth?

Forms the roots of a tooth and the interior of the crown

Produces a bone-like cement to anchor the roots of a tooth

covers the crown of a tooth

Lines the tooth sockets in the mandible and maxillae

Forms a hard chewing surface

Contains blood vessels and nerves

Salivary gland that's below the floor of the mouth

Salivary gland that's in front of the ears

Salivary gland at the posterior corners of the mandible

Why are salivary glands exocrine glands?

digestive enzyme in saliva:

Amylase digests starch to what?

Takes food from the pharynx to the stomach

At the junction of the esophagus and the stomach is a circular smooth muscle called the?

Includes the epithelial tissue that lines the alimentary tube

Above the diaphragm; made of fibrous connective tissue

Made of areolar connective tissue

Secretes mucus and digestive enzymes

Made of two layers of smooth muscle

Contains lymph nodules to destroy pathogens

Contains Meissner's Plexus, which regulates secretions fo the mucosa

Contains Auerbach's plexus, which regulates peristalsis

Below the diaphragm; is the mesentery

Provides mechanical digestion and peristalsis

Sac-like portion of the alimentary tube that extends from the esophagus to the small intestine

The stomach serves as a ____ for food.

The folds of the gastric mucosa that are present when the stomach is empty are called

The glands of the stomach are called

Secretes pepsinogen, an inactive form of the enzyme pepsin

Secrete hydrochloric acid, which activates pepsin

Secrete mucus,which help protect the gastric mucosa

Secrete gastrin when food enters the stomach

The part of the gastric juice that kills most microorganisms that enter the stomach

Part of gastric juice that digests proteins to polypeptides is the enzyme:

Located just below the diaphragm in the upper right and center of the abdominal cavity

The functional unit of the liver is called a liver_____, which is made of liver cells and the large capillaries called_____.

What is the digestive function of the liver?

Bile leaves the liver through the_____ duct, which joins the ____ duct of the gallbladder to form the_____ duct, which carries bile to the _____ of the small intestine.

Two functions of the gallbladder?

The hormone______ stimulates production of bile by the liver.

The hormone_____ stimulates contraction of the gallbladder

The_____ is located in the upper abdominal cavity b/t the duodenum and the spleen.

The enzyme_____ digests polypeptides to shorter chains of amino acids.

The enzyme_____ digests emulsified fats to_____ and______.