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What are the adjacent areas of the somatosensory cortex
- Postcentral sulcus: Areas 3a, 3b, 1, 2
- Posterior Parietal cortex: Areas 5, 7
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What brodman areas are the somatosensory cortex
Areas 1, 2, 3a, and 3b
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What neuron fiber has no myelin
C fibers
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What are the different axon types found in the afferent pathway
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What sense do the alpha axons carry
Proprioception
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What sense do the delta and C axons carry
Pain and temperature
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What kind of sense do the beta axons carry
Touch sensations mechanoreceptors
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What are the order from largest to smallest for the afferent axons and in turn fastest to slowest
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What axon carries itch
C fibers
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What do the rapidly adapting sensory receptors communicate
Intensity of touch
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What do the sowly adapting sensory receptors communicate
Timing of touch
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What is considered a tactile sensation
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What are the four modalities of sense
- Tactile
- Proprioception
- Pain
- Temperature
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What are the three primary types of sensory receptors
- Mechanoreceptors
- Thermoreceptors
- Nociceptors
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Most somatosensors are which type of sensory receptor
Mechanoreceptors
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What are the different types of mechanoreceptors
- Pacinian corpuscles
- Meissners corpuscles
- Ruffinis endings
- Hair follicle receptors
- Merkels disks
- Free nerve ending
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What kind of adaption and modality do the pacinian corpuscles have
- Rapid adaptation (Intensity)
- Vibration modality
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What kind of adaption and modality do the Meisseners corpuscles have
- Rapid Adaptation (Intensity)
- Touch Modality
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What kind of adaption and modality do the Ruffuni ending receptors have
- Slow Adaptation (timing)
- Pressure modality
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What kind of adaption and modality do the Hair follicle receptors have
- Rapid adaption (Intensity)
- Touch Modality
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What kind of adaption and modality do the Merkels endings have
- Slow adaption (timing)
- Touch Modality
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What kind of adaption and modality do the Free nerve ending receptors have
- Adaptation varies
- Pain, Temp, itch, touch
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What are the field sizes of touch receptors
- Meissners corpuscles - small
- Pacinian corpuscles - large
- Merkels disk - small
- Ruffinis ending - large
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Muscle spindle and Golgi tendon are similar to what type of receptors
- Ruffini endings and Golgi are similar
- Muscle spindle are unique to muscle
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Slowly adapting subtypes of sense receptors provide what kind of information
Static info
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Rapidly adapting subtypes of sense receptors provide what kind of information
Dynamic info
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What three types of receptors are activated by noxious stimuli
- Mechanical nociceptors
- Thermosensitive receptors
- Polymodal receptors
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What fibers comunicate cold
delta
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What fibers comunicate heat
C fibers
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What tract does temperature follow
Spinothalamic (pain as well)
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What is a Romberg test
Have a patient stand with eyes closed, if patient is unable to keep balance they have damage to the dorsal columns
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Somatosensory pathways have how many neurons in the relay
3
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The opthalmic division of the Trigeminal nerve provides sensory for
Eyes and forehead
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The maxillary division of the Trigeminal nerve provides sensory for
Maxilla Central face
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The mandibular division of the Trigeminal nerve provides sensory for
Chin, lower lip, floor of mouth
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What are the reflexes involved in the Trigeminal nerve
- Corneal reflex
- Suckling reflex
- Sneeze reflex
- Jaw Jerk
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What is the pathway of the jaw jerk reflex
- Jaw
- Mesencephalic nucleus of V
- Motor Nucleus of V (bilaterally)
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What sensory fibers react to pain first and which react to it second
- Delta with localized intense pain (myelinated)
- C fibers second, long lasting (unmyelinated)
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What temperature must it be for the thermal nociceptors to respond
Above 45 ˚C, or below 15 ˚C
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