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tumor
a mass of cells whose growth is uncontrolled and that serves no useful function
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benign tumor
a non-cancerous tumor; has a distinct border and cannot metastasize
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malignant tumor
a cancerous tumor; lacks a distinct border and may metastasize
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metastasize
the process by which cells break off of a tumor, travel through the vascular system, and grow elsewhere in the body
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Glioma
cancerous brain tumor composed of one of several types of glial cells
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meningioma
benign tumor composed of the cells that constitute the meninges
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Generalized seizure
a seizure that involves most of the brain
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Partial Seizure
begins at a focus and remains localized, not generalizing to the rest of the brain
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Partial Seizure: complex Pariatal seizure
produces loss of consciousness
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Status epilepticus
a series of seizures without regaining consciousness; excessive release of glutamate
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Aura
sensation that precedes a seizure; type of sensation depends on the location of seizure focus
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Stroke: Cerebrovascular accident (Hemorrhagic stroke)
Rupture of a cerebral blood vessel
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Stroke: Cerebrovascular accident (Obstructive stroke)
Occlusion of a blood vessel
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Thrombus
A blood clot that forms within a blood vessel, which may occlude it
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Ischemia
the interuption of the blood supply to a region of the body
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fetal alchohol syndrome
includes characteristic facial anomalies and faulty brain development; neural adhesion protein disrupted so that neuron growth is misguided
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Down syndrome (not inherited)
change in the 21st pair of chromosomen(mutation)
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Tay sachs (heritable)
lack of enzymes in lysosomes causes accumulation of waste produces and swelling of cells of the brain
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PKU (recessive)
Aunosomal syndrome, carried along another pair of chromosomes thats not the sex chromosome pair
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Parkinson's disease (degenerative)
Genetic, idiopathic; tremors-->cognitive imparement; dopamine antagonist (up regulates the level of dopamine in treatement of parkinson's), deep brain stimulation also involved in treatment
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Hunington's disease (autosomal dominant)
degeneration of the basal ganglia, Exact mechanism is unclear, motor symptoms include uncontrollable jerking and writhing movements, cognitive symptoms include dementia
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Multiple Sclerosis (Not hereditary disease, but combination of genetic, environmental & infectious factors)
Autoimmune demyelinating disease, motor movements are impared, eats away and destroys the myelin sheath
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Alzheimer's disease: main syndrome
gradual memory loss
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Alzheimer's disease: characteristics
brain atrophy, plaques in brain, neurofibrullary tangles (death of neurons and buildup)
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Biological factors related to alzheimer's disease
Decline in acetylcholine production, problems with disposal of ameloid-beta proteins, increased inflamatory response of glial cells
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Other factors related to Alzheimer's disease
head trauma, lack of positive stimuli in enviornment
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