Health 391

• Door prize
• Evaluation
• Topics
• Vendors
• Publicity
• Facilities management

• Assess: plan an assessment, collect health related data
• Plan health education:develope goals and objectives,select or design strategies for intervention
• Implement:impelement a plan of action,monitor impelementaition
• Evaluate: develop plan for evaluation, design data collection intstruments
• Administer: manage resources, obtain accptance(door prizes and facility)
• Serve as a resource:disseminate health related information
• Advocate:assess and prioritize health information, deliver messages using variaty of methods.

• It is based on the accomplishments of the 4 previous HP
• 1979-the surgon general
• 1990- promoting health/preventing disease
• 2000-national health promotion
• 2010-improving health

Health equity

• Attain a high quality longer lives
• Achieve health equity and eliminate health disparities
• Create social and physical environment that promotes good health
• Promote QOL

• Biology &genetics
• Environment
• Health care delivery
• Behavior

suggests that there are four concepts that make up the health field and contribute to health and wellness or diease

• Community organizing/building
• Health promotion programing

Gaining Trust.

Process through which communities are helped to ID common problems or goals, moblize their resources(vendors),develope and implement strategies for reaching goals(posters) these goals are collectively set.

• Communities can develop the capacity to deal with their own problems
• People want to change and can change
• People should participate in making, adjusting or controlling major changes taking place
• Change that is self imposed has meaning and permanance
• A holistic approach is better then fragmented
• Democracy needs cooperative participation
• People must learn necessary skills,communities may need help organizing to address their needs.

• Locality development-self help method, process oriented,consensus building, build group ID and sense of community
• Social planning: may people are involved, needs skilled volunteers,focus on problem solving(rational,empirical,task oriented)
• Social action: involves redistribution of power and resorces, tas and process oriented allows community change

• Recoganize the issue(topic)-a problem exists and something must be done. Organized bottom up/grass root or top down
• Gain entry to the community: learn about community before approaching the gate keepers
• Organize the people: obtain support from who are interested, those affected by the problem, ID a leader, recruit additional community memebers.
• Assess the community
• Determine priorities and set goals
• Arrive at solution and select intervention strategy
• Implement
• Evaluate the outcomes
• Maintain outcomes over time
• Loop back and modify plans as required

• It is strenght based rather than need based
• It involves mapping communities capacity(ID communities assets)
• Difference between this and CO is the different type of assessment used

• Health communication
• Health education
• Health policy
• Health engineering
• Health related community services

• The last four steps
• Implementing
• Evaluating
• Maintaining
• Looping

• Healthy cities and communities
• MAPP
• PATCH(moblizing the community,collecting data,choosing health priorities, intervention plan,evaluating)

• It has p steps the first five fall under precede and the last four are proceed.
• PRECEDE-predisposem reinforce,enable,construct,ecosystem diagnosis and evaluation

• Social assessment
• Epidimiological
• Behavioral
• Educational
• Administration and policy assessment

• It asess quality of life
• Use multiple source of information
• Purpose is to understand how people percieve their own quality of life and understand their aspirations
• engenders community participation
• Sets priorities and cannot only look at health data

• Public's percieved needs
• Actual needs based on scientific data
• Resources, feasabilities and policy

• Interview
• Community forums
• Focus groups
• Surveys
• Retrive existing data

perception of individuals or groups that their needs are being satisfied and they are not denied opportunities

process and condition among people and organizations that lead to accomplishing a goal of mutual social benefit

assessment of the capacities and skills of individuals and existing assets in the community

• establishes relative importance of various health problems
• provides basis for setting program priorities
• helps in allocationg responsibilities

• Behavioral: analysis of behavioral links to the goals or problems ID in the previous stage
• Environmental:analysis of factors in the immediate social and physical environment that could casually be linked to the behavior

• ID program objectives by looking at the causal factors of the behavior(predisposing,enabling,reinforcing)
• Sort, categorize and select the factors that seem to have direct impact on the behavioral and environmental targets

• Assess readiness of the organization
• Develope timetable and budget
• Assign resources
• ID specific settings

• Implementation
• Process evaluation
• Impact evaluation
• Outcome evaluation

• Assessment of resources
• Assessment of available resources
• Assessment of factors influencing impelementation(evaluation committee)

• Day to day activities
• Provides documentation on what is going on in the program
• Describes actul program activities

Assess the overall effectiveness and effect of program activities on the client

assess changes or improvement over time, morbidity and mortality and other health status indicatrs are examined.

• Used as a way to allocate resources
• Generate support for already established needs
• Organize community to develp its potential to solve problems
• Document the existance of a community health problem

• ID the needs of a target population
• ID existing resources
• Determine whether needs are being met
• Create a useful program

• Micro
• Mezzo-community
• Macro-societal or state

• Decide to conduct one
• Involve the community
• Specify the purpose
• Assess obstacles
• ID approperiate needs
• Gather data
• Summerize and interpert
• Prioritize
• Report
• Implelement

• Old-focus on needs, deficiencies and problems
• New-discover the community capacity

• Researchers like to study problems
• Funding sources base grants on needs
• A need orentation is used by media
• Wall is built in a desire to help

• People start thinking of themselves as deficient
• Think of themselves as victims
• Not empowering
• Leads to fragmented solutions
• Directs funding to service providers
• Negatively affects local community leadership
• Encourages cycle of dependancy
• Leads to sense of hopelessness

• Individuals
• Associations
• Schools
• Libraries
• Parks
• Universities

• Asset based-starts with what is present in the community
• Internally focused-agenda building and problem solving capacities of local residance and others involved
• Relationship driven-constantly build and rebuild relationships among locan residents

Approach that entailes incolcing all potential users of the research and other stakeholders in the application of the research (green and mercer)

• The community is the unit of ID
• Build on community assets
• Develop a collaborative partnership
• Co-learning and capacity building among all partners(most important component)
• Balance between knowledge and intervention for mutual benefit
• Focus on local relevance of public health problems
• Systems development is key
• Disseminates results to all partners
• A long term process with commitment to sustainability(Israel)

• The community is a unit of identity
• The community is a co-equal entity
• Community does not perceive it as university
• Use multiple methods of data collection
• Emphasis on long term commitment
• Emphasis on co learning
• Collective visioning
• Innovative problem solving

• Health behavior change programs are not successful
• Universities needed to get out

• Best if researchers are approached by community
• Many approach for assistance

• Takes time and effort to buid trust
• It is more likely capacity building
• Sometimes hard to develop a common purpose
• Working with partners with different backgrounds
• Balancing
• Differences between academic and the community

• University people care about outocme professionally and they are outcome oriented. Research is the priority
• Community people care about outcome personally, process oriented, research is extra work.

• Team building
• Group process
• Negotiation
• Teaching
• Interpersonal communication
• Political acument
• Respect
• Trust

• Meet many wonderful people
• Improvement in knowledge
• Provide needed service while empowering communities
• Impact policy
• Involved in applied research
• Improve research
• Learn about other cultures
• Help communities
• Contribute to social justice

Awerness of our own cultural views and attitudes toward different cultures and cross cultural skills

It helps ID the risks and target interventions

It incompassees health of women of chilbearing age from prepregnancy through pregnancy labor /delivery and the postportumand health of the health of a child prior to birth through adolescence

It is an important indicator of effectiveness of disease prevention and health promotion services in the community.

• Non.hispanic blacks
• Hispanics
• The lowest belongs to Cubans

Hong kong

It is a primary unit in which infants and children are nurtured and supported regarding healthy development

A group of two people or more related by birth, marriage or adoption and residing together

It is important for child's well being

• adverse birth outcomes
• low birth weight
• higher mortality
• more likely to be in poverty

• They tend to have lower education
• Lower income
• Greater dependence on welfare

• Drop out of school
• Not getting married
• Rely on public assistance
• Live in poverty
• **substantial economic consequances for the society
• They are less likely to recieve early prenatal care
• they are more likely to smoke, have LBW babies, have pregnancy complications

• Delayed prenatal care
• Inadequate weight gain
• Smoking
• Alcohol and other drug use

governmental and nongovernmental organizations

• This is a family planning act which is a federal program that provides funds for family planning services for low income people
• ** Major program to reduce unintended pregnancies
• **supports 61% of family planning cliniques
• **over 5M women receive care

• nutrition counsling
• immunization care
• well baby care
• WIC

Abortion is legal in early stages of pregnancy

• Unmarried women
• 55% white
• 52% under age 25

• Risk assessment
• Treatment of medical conditions
• Education

• American indians/Alaskan natives-this is due to their culture, health care and their access and the transportation
• Non.hispanic black

• Mother's health and behavior
• Levels of prenatal care
• Quality of delivery
• Infants environment after birth
• Nutritions
• Immunizations

Death of a baby before the age of one and it is considered the measure of nation's health

• Improved disease survalliance
• Advanced clinical care
• Improved access to health care
• Better nutrition
• Increased education

• Congenital abnormalities
• Preterm,low birth weight
• SIDS

most severe measure of health in children

Unintentional injury specifically motor vehichle death

• Unintentional injury
• Child maltreatment-community response needed
• Infectious disease-importance of immunization

It is the only federal legislation dedicated to promoting and improving health of mothers and children

• This established in 1990 to administer title V funding
• Accomplishes goals through 4 core public health services
• Infrastructure building,population based,enabling and direct health care services

This is a special supplement food program for women, infants and children sponsered by USDA started in 1974

Residency in application state and income requirements

• Infants 25.5%
• 1 years of age
• 2 years of age

this targets uninsured children whose families don't qualify for Medicaid

Grants 12 weeks of unpaid protected leave to men or women after birth of a child, adoption or illness in immidiate family

• Children's defense fund
• UNICEF
• American academy of pediatrics

66% white non.hispanic

• Race is grouping people together based on the phenotypical or georgraphical ansectery. The four racial groups which in 1997 became 5 include:
• American Indians/Alaskan native
• Asian
• Pacefic islanders
• Black
• white
• ** race is more social then biological

• Grouping people toghether through a common such as common language or culture.
• Non hispanic origin
• hispanic origin

• Health status
• Health care access
• Quality of health care
• Health care outcomes

• Fear
• Discrimination
• Health care provider
• Education

• Lation/Hispanic origin
• These are people of mexican,Puerto Rican, Cuban,Central American or south american descent or some other spanish origin
• 95% of hispanics in US are classified as white
• They have less high school education so this relates to their income
• Health beliefes is the role of God

• These people have origins in any of the black racial groups from africa
• More then half live in the south
• Their income is ranked below all racial groups
• Due to roots in slavary they use traditional methods for achieving better health

American indians

• Assist tribes in developing health program
• Facilitate and assist indians in coordination health programs
• Provide comperehensive health care
• Serve as principle health advocate

• person who flees an area or country to seek shelter from danger.
• individual who migrates from one country to another for ourpose of seeking permanent residance
• Someone who is not born here(college studnents)
• these enter the country illigally

• Infant mortality
• Cancer
• CVD
• Diabetes
• AIDS
• Immunization

American indian alaskan native

• Economic
• Educational
• Behavioral
• Cultural
• Legal and political

SES

• Social: access to bases needed to gain political power
• Political:power of voice and action
• Psychological:indicidual sense of potency

15-24

Behavior rather than disease

• Unintentional injury( 1/4 car crash involving alcohol)
• Homoside
• Suicide

Chlymedia and gonnorhea females contract chlymedia at a higher rate between ages of 15-19

• Not wearing seat belt
• Being drunk
• being an aggressive driver

• Homocide
• This is the 2 lead for Hispanic and 3 for Native americans

• Poor supervision
• Exposure to violence
• Poverty
• Poor emotional attatchemet
• Friends engage in high risk
• Low commitment to school
• Academic failure

• Unintentional injury
• Violence
• Tobacco
• Alcohol
• STD
• Physical activities
• Over weight and weight control

• Unintentional injury
• Violence
• Tobacco
• Alcohol
• STD

• Risk takers
• Rebel
• Believe they know everything
• Don't want to be told what to do
• Believe they are invincible
• Live in the moment
• Don't consider consequenses

• Parks
• SADD
• School lock down on prom night
• Reduce the BAC (.8)

• 25-44
• 45-64

It is mostly chronic diseases which is associated with unhealthy behavior and poor life style choices

• Unintentional injuries
• Cancer
• Heart disease
• Suicide

• Cancer
• Heart disease
• Unintentional injuries

• for man- prostate,lung,colorectal
• for women-breast,lung,colorectal

• Smoking
• Lack of exercise
• BMI
• Alcohol

• Seatbelts
• Alcohol use

• Elders-65 amd p;der
• young olds-65-74
• mid old-74-85
• old old-85 and older this is the fastest growing population

state of being old when one reaches a specific age

changes that occur normally in plants and animals as they grow

study of aging , including chemical, biological, psychological, economic and historic

Medical practice specializing in treatment of the aged

• Birth rate
• Death rate
• Immigration

• Fertility rate-# of births/1000
• Mortality rate-Death rate/100000
• Migration -movement of people

• Marital status (3/4 of men and half of women, women are more likely to be widowed)
• Living arrangements( closely linked to income, health status and availability of caregivers)
• Racial and ethnic composition
• Geographic distribution
• Economic status
• Housing

California

• Inward immigration
• Leaving of young people
• Decreased fertility

• Social security
• Earnings
• Pensions
• Assets

• Heart disease
• Cancer
• Stroke

sensory,physical,memory

• Income
• Housing
• Personal care
• Health care
• Transportation
• Community facilities

non married women and minorities

• appropriateness
• accessibility
• adequacy
• affordability

• Instrumental- house keeping, transportation,maintanance
• Expressive-emotional support,socializing
• Cognitive task-scheduling appointments
• Task of daily living-eating, bathing

Medicare

• Older american act of 1965
• National nutrition program for elders
• State and area agencies on aging

Mental illness (26% diagnosable mental disorder, 6% serious mental illness)

• Mental illness
• Alcohol and drug
• Alzheimer

Emotional and social well being

Health condition characterized by alteration in thinking, mood, behavior associated with distress or impared functioning

all diagnosable mental disorder

• Functioning under adversity
• Change or adapt to changes around them
• Maintain control over their tension
• Find more satisfaction in giving
• show consideration for others
• curb hate
• Love others

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

• Poor prenatal care
• Postnatal environment
• Gentetics
• Brain function imparement
• Substance abuse
• family functioning
• PTSD
• Major Depression

Disease of adaption

Families or private care takers

18th century

1792, they believed that environmental changes can affect the mind and alter behavior

Dorothea Dix , for providing decent care for indigents with mental illness

• ECT (shock therapy. insulin therapy)
• Lobotomies

NIMH

it was common in 1950 because of new drungs and concern about patient rights

1963

• Financial instability
• Comprise 1/3 of our homeless
• Greater burden on communities
• Mental health dollars spent on acute care

2.1 M adults, 80% temporary, 10% esporadically,10% chronically

• Psychotherapy
• Psychopharmacology
• Psychiatric
• self help
• ** prevention is considered to be more cost effective

• Organized set of policies , procedures and activities designe to protect,promote and improve the health and well being of students and staff
• Health education
• physical education
• health services
• nutrition
• counsling
• healthy environment
• health promotion
• family community involvement

• students , parents, teachers, medical personnel, mantenance workers,social workers,counseling, food service workers
• Primary role is to provide coordiation of the various components of CSHP

• Support of school administration
• Written school health policies
• Well organized school health council

• ID the policy development team
• Assess the districts needs
• Prioritize needs and develop an action plan
• Draft policy
• Build awareness and support
• Adopt and impelement policy
• Maintain measure and evalute

• Administration-supportive adminstration, school health coordinator
• School health services- health services provided by school health workers to protect and promote health
• Healthy environment- safe surroundings, physical, psuchosocial
• Health education-develop and deliver and evaluate planned curriculum
• Counsling-individual and group assessment
• Physical education-providing cognitive contents and experiences in variety of activity areas
• School nutrition services-nutritious and appealing meals
• Family involvement for school health-integrated school, parent and community approach
• School-site health promotion for staff-opportunity for staff to improve their health

• Lack of support-policy constraints,lack of administrative support, focus on subjects included on tests
• School health curriculum challanges-based on differing values
• School-based health centers-met resistance in certain communities
• Violence in schools-risk factors need to be ID

• Should be executed by the school health council
• Should cover all facets of school health program
• Gain approval from key stakeholders

It is kind of damage to the body that is produced by energy exchange that are manifested within 48 hours

• Dehaven- WW1 studied ways to reduce force of impact
• Gordon-Used epidemiology to analyze risk factors
• Haddon-used epidemiology to study highway safety

• Unintentional injury occurs without anyone intending harm
• Intentional injury is purposely inflicted by self or other

• Great human burden attributed to injuries
• significant econocmic costs
• Greatly contribute to premature death

• Motor vehichle crashes( leading cause of unintentional injury death and nonfatal unintentional injury)
• Poisoning( most occurs at home)
• Falls ( leading cause of injury related ED visits and affects elders)
• account for 2/3 of all injury related deaths

• Person (Age,Gender,Minority status)
• Place(home,highway, sports areas, work place)
• ** most injuries occur at home
• Time( days of the week, time of the day, month of the year)

Alcohol

• Prevention through epidemiology-host, energy-environment
• Control tactics based upon transmission
• A) prevent accumulation of energy-reduce speed limit
• B)prevent inappropriate release of energy-flame retardant fabric, safety belt
• C)place barrier between host and agent-inclusion around electric wire
• D) separate host from source of energy-locked gates

• Physical energy: mechanical, thermal , radiant, chemical
• Agents that interfere with normal body energy exchange: water, carbon monoxide

• Vehicles- electric lines, hot rivets, poison containers, moving objects
• Vectors-plants, animals

• Educating
• Regulating
• Automatic protection-modify products
• Litigation-removing unsafe tires

• Stress period
• Crisis state
• Honeymoon
• Calmness

Tobacco use

• Direct cost-health care, premature death,impared productivity
• Indirect cost-crime , court, jails, social work

• Any substance other than food or vitamins that alters physical, mental or emotional state
• Drug taking behavior
• Inapproperiate use of legally purchased prescriotion or non prescription
• Use of prescription or nonprescription for non medical purpose

• Personal factors
• Home and family
• School and peers
• Sociocultural

• Primary- aimed at those who have never used drugs
• Secondary -those who have used but not chronic users
• tertiary-treatment and aftercare

• education
• treatment
• public policy
• law enforcement
• education
• poblic policy

• Office of national drug control policy
• Department of HHS
• Sebstance abuse and mental health services
• National institute on drug abuse
• DHS
• DoJ
• ATF

Difference in the incidence, prevalence and mortality and burden of disease and other health conditions that exist amon specific population groups in the USA> closely linked with socioeconomic status

Effort on fairness, entail special effort to improve the health of those who have experienced social or economic disadvantage.

• Respect for others- people should be treated as autonomous agens, people with diminished autonomy are entitled to protection these include, prisoners,children, prisoners, students
• Beneficience-do no har, and maximize the benefit
• Justice- fair distribution of burden and benefit, equal treatment, this is the informed consent process

The application of the concept of justice on social scale

State of compelete physical, mental and social well being and not merely absence of disease

Interdependence

• Address-disease aiming to prevent adverse health outcome
• Achive- health by respecting the rights of others
• programs
• Advocate-empower disenfranchised community memebers
• Seek-information needed to implement that promote and protect health
• Provide-communities with information
• Act- in timely manner
• P/P incorporate variety of approches
• Impelement
• Protect
• Ensure
• Engage

• Healthy people
• Community organizing
• CBPR
• Basic ethical principles
• Health education responsibilities
• Coordinated school health program