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Aristotelianism
medieval study and development of Aristotle's philosophy
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atomism
the belief that matter consists at atoms
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dialectical materialism
metaphysical doctrine by Engels held by Marxists that matter is primary and is governed by dialectical laws
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empiricism
- view that all knowledge is derived from experience
- Locke, Berkeley, and Hume
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existentialism
- view that subject of philosophy is being which cannot be made the subject of objective inquiry but can only be investigated by reflection on one's own existence.
- Kierkegaard and Sartre
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idealism
- so-called "external world' is actually a creation of the mind.
- Berkeley and Hegel
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logical positivism
- radical empiricist position
- meaning of a proposition consists in the method of its verification
- aka logical empiricism
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Marxism
- by Marx and Engels
- includes dialectical materialism
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neoplatonism
- dominant in Europe from 250-1250
- begun by Plotinus, combo of Plato's ideas with others ie Aristotle and Pythagoras
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phenomenology
- scrupulous inspection of one's own conscious thought process
- developed by Husserl
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Pragmatism
- theory of meaning (used by Peirce)
- theory of truth (used by James) ideas become true just so far as they help us to get into satisfactory relations with other parts of our experience
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rationalism
- knowledge of the external world can be derived from reason alone without recourse to experience
- Descartes, Leibnitz, Spinoza
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