SOC STU Facts

• In 1595, Sir Frances Drake from England attacked PR and who also had a bigger army. The troops of La Forteleza frustrated the attack but did not succeed.
• In 1598, George Clifford from England attacked PR who arrived in Condado & reached San Juan. Clifford left due to an epidemic.
• In 1625, Balduino Enrico from Holland attacked PR and who also stole & burned cities. Civilians were the ones who fought the most.

• Imports: tools, slaves, fabric, cheese, and wine
• Exports: ginger, cocoa, tobacco, wood, and sugar

• France
• England
• Holland

• frequency of the commercial boats
• sugar would get rotten quick
• other colonies started exporting sugar
• landowners were bankrupt

• easy to grow
• not much land needed
• needed less slaves (cheaper)

• Palacio de Santa Catalina--> La Fortaleza
• Fortín San Gerónimo del Boquerón
• Castillo San Felipe del Morro
• Fortín San Juan de la Cruz
• Fuerte San Cristobal
• Murallas de San Juan

• eliminate the economical and political independence of the territories
• centralize the power in the monarchy
• reorganize the army
• to make official the collection of taxes
• hired employees according to their talent, efficiency, and loyalty

• He saw the population was spread out
• The government couldn’t control how people acted
• There was an increase of contraband
• Puerto Ricans were lazy
• People did not pay taxes

• reorganized the miltia
• officials were named
• people received daily training
• blacks could join, increasing the amount of people
• became known as disciplined militia
• restore forts and walls in San Juan

• When? April 1797
• Who? Admiral Henry Harvy and Captain Ralph Abercromby from England
• Where? the coast of Cangrejos which is now Piñones, part of Santurce, and part of Loíza and was land attack
• Who defended? Creoles of Cangrejos and blacks for land and way of life
• How? Entered by land and establish a operation center in which to use element of surprise

• Organized the military defense
• Made PR participate in exportation economy of sugar
• PR was allowed to trade with other colonies

• There wasn't an inventory of farm property or exactly who owned the land.
• Most of the land was for raising cattle and not for agriculture.
• The monarchy wanted to destroy the hatos which created legal problems.

• Year: 1789
• Leader: Napoleon Bonaparte
• Cause: The French raised taxes.
• Effects: PR got the ideas of having a revolution of it's own.

• Year: 1804
• Leader: Toussaint L'Orveture
• Cause: Haitian Slaves began to rebel, took over plantations and killed landowners. Also hard work.
• Effect: Spaniards become afraid of other slave reveling so they made harsher punishments for slave rebellions.

• Harsher punishments
• Watched slaves more carefully
• Banned news coming from Haiti
• Stopped every single rebellion before it got out of control

• Represented PR
• Became vice president of the Parliament

• Guerra de los 10 años (1868-1878)
• Guerra Chiquita (1879-1880)
• Grito de Baires (Feb. 23, 1895) - got independence

there is now a parliament with 2 houses (Senate and Representatives) with a general governor who represent the metropolis and would have main control

Began a war between US and Spain in which the end PR become a possession of US (Hispanic American War)

• He went through Guánica to get to know land.
• He made illusion of coming in peace by offering a lot of promises to the PRicans.

• WWI was going on.
• US needed more soldiers.