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Endemic
Found nowhere else but in a certain location
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Indigenous
Occurs naturally, but found in other locations
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Biography
the study of the distribution and diversity of living organisms
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Zoogeography
The study of animal distribution and diversity
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Phytogeograpy
The study of plant ditribution and diversity
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Biodiversity
- Total # of species in an ecosystem
- Habitat loss causes extinction and loss of biodiversity
- High genetic diversity = high diversity
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Renewable
Supply is replenished
Living- Animals (fish,livestock) Plants (food crops, lumber, biofuels, etc.)
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Non-renewable
- Exist in fixed quantities
- May take thousands of years to replenish
- - metals, fossil fuels, nuclear energy cources
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Maximum Sustainable Yield
- Point where population size has the fastest replacement rate
- Usually middle of the exponential phase
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Marine Protected Area Locations (MPA)
- Piti bomb holes/ Tepungan Bay
- Tumon Bay
- Sasa Bay
- Achang Bay
- Pati Point
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How much freshwater on Earth?
- 97% of water on earth is salt water
- 3% is freshwater by 70% is trapped as ice
- <1% is available for human consumption
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Traditional sources of water
- Water catchments
- Springs and caves
- Surface water/runoff
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Primary sewage treatment
- Separates solids and liquids
- Solids are collected while liquids are discharged
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Secondary sewage treatment
- Waste is treated to further break down organic matter
- Wastewater is then discharged
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Terchiary sewage treatment
Wastewater treated such that organic material and nutrients are removed
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Point source waste water pollution
- Pollution is FOCUSED at a dedicated discharge point
- Examples:
- Sewage outfalls, storm drains, Canals for toxic waste
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Non-point source water pollution
- Pollution is DIFFUSE; no clear discharge point
- Examples:
- Agricultural and urban runoff, damaged sewer lines, percolation of chemicals into groundwater
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Global average temperature 120 years ago
56.9 F
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Global average temperature in 2005
57.97 F
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The Greenhouse Effect
- 10% of sunlight reaches Earth's surface
- 90% gets reflected back to space by upper part of atmosphere
- - The 10% that reaches Earth's surface is then radiated back to space slowlyas heat
- Green house gases absorb heat and make radiation of heat to space proceed more slowly
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Kyoto Protocol in 1997
- Sought to reduce global CO2 emissions
- Called for a worldwide reduction of emissions of carbon-based gases by an average 5.2% below 1990 levels by 2012
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Why is polar ice so important?
- Polar ice reflects 90% of sunlight which lands on it
- Land reflects only 20% of sunlight and absorbs approximately 80%
- However, seawater has ahigh heat capacity
- -Reflects 10% of sunlight
- -Absorbs 90% of sunlight
- -- This energy is radiated back as heat
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Predicted effects of Global warming in Micronesia
- Increased sea level
- Drier climate in areas which exhibit a tendency to be dry during El Nino periods
- Loss of corals through ocean acidification
- Thinner freshwater lens systems
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