bilogy chapter 23

• ancient
• live in extreme enviornments
• similar to ones present millions of years ago

• hydrogen+ carbon dioxide= methane gas
• oxygen is poisonus to them

• found in deep freshwater, marine mud
• live in cows and termites

• found in very high salt concentrations
• great salt lake, dead sea

• can survive in acidic and very high temperature enviornments
• hot springs, black smokers, volcanic vents

• bacilli- rod shaped
• spirilla- spiral shaped
• cocci- sphere/ round shaped
• streptococci- grouped in chains
• staphylococci- grouped in clusters

• gram negative more complex
• gram positive more peptidoglycan
• gram negative red
• gram postive purple

• carries out photosynthesis
• earths first O2 producer
• provide food for freshwater and marine ecosystems

• give shape and protects from toxic substances
• plants contain cellulose
• bacteria contain peptidoglycan
• archeael bacteria contain pseudomurein

• one chromosome
• circular
• other forms of DNA: plasmids which are small and circular

• made of polysacharides
• protect from drying, harsh chemicals, white blood cells
• glycocalyx- fuzzy coat
• allows bacteria to connect to surface

short hairlike proten on surface of some bacterias

• form in the inside of the cell
• protects the DNA
• can survive high temp. strong chemicals, radiation, drying
• original cell dies
• when conditions normal a new bacteria is born

movement toward or away from a stimulis

• whip like tail
• other movements are possible

• obligate anaerobics- cannot tolerate O2
• faculative anaerobics- can live with or without O2
• obligate aerobs- must have O2

• psydophilic- cold loving
• mesophiles- middle temps
• thermophiles- hot loving

binary fission

scientific study of diseases

blocks ability to build new cell wall material

mutation

• contain resistant genes
• spread by transformation

when an R plasmid confers resistance to several antibiotics at once

consequence: many diseases that were once easy to treat are now becoming more difficult to treat