Chemistry ch 23

• acids, bases and salts dissolved in water conduct electricity (electrolytes)
• acids dissolve to produce H ions, bases dissolve to produce OH ions
• **All acids contain H, while all bases contain OH

any substance that donates proton(s) is and acid and anything that accepts prontons is a base.

*An acid is the electron pair acceptor; a base is the electron pair donor

• 1. Aqueous solutions of acids have a sour taste
• 2. Acids change litmus paper from blue to red and change pH paper
• 3. Many acids react with an active metal to produce H2 gas in a single displacement reaction
• 4. Any acid & any base react to form water and a type of salt in a double displacement reaction
• 5. Many acids are electrolytes since they form pos & neg ions in solution w/ water
• 6. Most formulas for acids start with H

• contain 2 different elements (H and a more electrolyte element)
• Begin with "hydro", followed by the stem of the negative ion & ending with "ic"

• contain 3 elements- O2, H2, and usually a nonmetal
• Start with the stem of the nonmetal and end in "ic"
• 1 less O2 than common- ending is "ous"
• 2 less O2 than common, prefix "hypo" is added to the "ous" ending
• 1 more O2 than common- prefix "per" is added

• 1. acqueous solutions of bases taste bitter
• 2. Change litmus paper from red to blue & change pH paper
• 3. Dilute solutions of bases feel slippery
• 4. Any base will react with any acid to form water and a salt. (double displacement and neutalization reactions)
• 5. Most bases are electrolytes since they form ions in acqueous solutions
• 6. Most bases have formulas that end in OH

NaOH (lye/draino)

they ionize completely

• HCl
• HClO4
• HNO3
• HBr
• HI
• H2SO4

• NaOH
• KOH
• Ca(OH)2
• Ba(OH)2

strong bases in acqueous solution

• H3PO4
• HF
• H2CO3
• HC2H3O2

• NH3
• Mg(OH)2

• acts like an acid or a base
• H2O

• a scale which measures the acidity or the basicity of a solution
• relates directly to the concentration of H30 in a given solution

H3O+

• 0.0 (most acidic) - 14.0 (most basic)
• midpoint is 7, where solutions are neutral (water)

• usually carboxylic, which add to carboxyl group- C-OH or COOH
• Add the ending "oic acid" to the name of the hydrocarbon

• usually add to the amine group N-H or NH2
• Add the ending "amine" to the name of the hydrocarbon

anhydrous

oxides of nonmetals (SO2)

oxides of metals (Na2O)

acid + base -> H2O + a type of salt

• an arrhenius acid and an arrhenius base react
• reaction of an acidic anhydride and a base
• reaction of a basic anhydride and an acid
• reaction of an acidic and basic anhydride

contain the positive ion of the base and the negative ion of the acid

when reactions take place in water