Chapter 1: Which item listed below has helped to increase the carrying capacity of the earth?
E. all of the above
Chapter 1: What is the population of the world likely to be by the year 2050?
E. 9 billion
Chapter 1: Which of the following statements is true regarding the world population growth since 1965?
A. it has been decreasing slowly
Chapter 1: IPAT equation is about which of the following?
B. environmental impact
Chapter 1: Which of the following is true of Environmental Geology?
E. all of the above
Chapter 1: The number of people/ animals that can be supported by a given area of land is called:
C. carrying capacity
Chapter 1: Which of the following is true of the world population in the 20th century?
C. it quadrupled
Chapter 1: Which of the following is not a variable in the IPAT equation?
D. Natural Resources
Chapter 1: Exceeding of carrying capacity is referred to as
D. ecological overshoot
Chapter 1: Which of the following is NOT one of the environmental "successes" that have been accomplished since 1970?
A. unleaded gasoline has reduced lead emission by 98%
B. the California gray whale, the bald eagle, and the American alligator have been removed from the endangered species list
C. the numer of large cities violating the clean-air standards has dropped significantly
D. concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide have begun to decrease
E. all of the above
D. concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide have begun to decrease
Chapter 1: What factor other than decreased birth rates has contributed to the lower United Nations world population project (made in 2002) for the year 2050?
A. HIV / AIDS
Chapter 1: Which of the following is NOT somethng that is included on derivative maps?
E. all of the above
Chapter 1: What is the computer system that assembles, stores, manipulates and displays geographic data according to location?
E. GIS
Chapter 1: What are lines of equal elevation called on a topographic maps?
C. geological contacts
Chapter 1: How much greater are population growth rates in the poorer countries than they are in the richer countries?
C. 6 times
Chapter 1 True or False: The large argicultural yields obtained today are fundamentally dependant upon fossil fuels.
True
Chapter 1 True or False: An average American citizen consumes 35 times the resources of an average Indian citizen over the course of his/her lifetime.
True.
Chapter 1 True or False: Nearly half of the population of the world is living in cities.
True
Chapter 1 True or False: The main purpose of geological maps is to show the shape of the earth's surface.
False.
Chapter 1 True or False: Once the earth's carrying capacity is exceeded, population reduction will occur whether we want it to or not.
True
Chapter 1 True or False: GIS is a new navigational system that will soon replace GPS.
False
Chapter 1 True or False: Derivative maps are made from computer data sets that are analyzed and plotted for special applications.
True.
Chapter 1 True or False: Malthus posulated in 1812 that populations growth would soon cause global famine and collapse of society.
True
Chapter 1 True or False: Annual population growth rate of +1% corresponds to the situation where there were 100 more deaths per thousand individuals than live births in a given year.
False
Chapter 1 True or False: With a population growth rate of 0.7% it would take 100 years for the population to double.
True
Chapter 1 True or False: The highest soil degradation rates occur in Africa.
False
Chapter 1 True or False: Nations that tend to have the greatest environmental impacts are those with the lowest population growth rates.
True
Chapter 1 True or False: The size of our population is limited by the amount of food we can grow.
True
Chapter 1 True or False: Since 1950 about one third of all US cropland has been lost to erosion.
True
Chapter 1 True or False: The population density of the earth has tripled since World War II.
True
Chapter 2: The geological concept that processes active today have been active during the earth's past history is somethimes paraphrased as "the present is the key to the past" and is called
A. the law of Uniformaitarianism
Chapter 2: An atom having either a positive or negative electrical charge is called
D. an ion
Chapter 2: A variet of an element that is heavier than normal because of the presences of extra neutrons is called
D. an isotope
Chapter 2: Most of the mass of an atom is located in its
B. nucleus
Chapter 2: Which of the following is NOT part of the general definition of a mineral?
E. amorphous
Chapter 2: Most of the rocks of the earth's crust are made up of which of the following mineral groups?
C. silicates
Chapter 2: Which silicate mineral is the most abundant in the earth's crust?
B. feldspar
Chapter 2: Which property of minerals is variable and therefore the least reliable as a clue in identifying a mineral type?
B. color
Chapter 2: What are the three general classes of rocks that are defined based upon origin?
A. igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
Chapter 2: Plutonic rocks are atype of
A. intrusive igneous rock
Chapter 2: What is a common distinguishing characteristic of sedimentary rock masses?
D. they tend to be layered
Chapter 2: In addition to particles, what other material can be found in sedimentary rocks?
E. all of the above
Chapter 2: What distinguishes the pairs of rocks listed in the igneous rock classification from each other?
(Consider, for example, basalt and gabbro.)
D. texture
Chapter 2: What would be the method of choice for dating an organic substance less than 100,000 years old?
A. Carbon-14
Chapter 2: What is an aggregate composed of one or more varieties of interlocking mineral crystals called?
C. rock
Chapter 2 True or False: The chances of being struck by lightning are about three times higher than the chances of a non-smoker dying from asbestos-related disease.
True
Chapter 2 True or False: There are over 30,000 mineral species.
False
Chapter 2 True or False: Oxygen and Silicon alone comprise 75% of crustal rocks by weight.
True
Chapter 2 True or False: About 20 out of the thousands of known mineral species make up the bulk of the earth's crust.
True
Chapter 2 True or False: In comparison to white asbestos, blue asbesto is the less harmful type used for industrial purposes.
False
Chapter 2 True or False: Magma is the general term for molten rock including bother underground and surface occurrences.
False.
Chapter 2 True or False: Rapid cooling of molten rock produces large crystals.
False.
Chapter 2 True or False: Rocks such as basalt, on the ride of the igneous rock classification, are darker-colored and have higher specific gravity than do rocks such as granite, on the left side.
True
Chapter 2 True or False: Metamorphic rocks where minerals have been flattened into layers by directed pressure are saild to be foilated.
True
Chapter 2 True or False: Relative age dating enables scientists to determine the age in years of a rock mass, whereas absolute age dating can only determine the sequence of events.
False
Chapter 2 True or False: Rock layers containing extensive fossils of organisms with hard parts represent only about 12% of geologic time.
True
Chapter 2 True or False: In two "half-lives," one fourth of a radioactive substance will remain.
True
Chapter 2 True or False: Dates on zircons from western Australia suggest that the oldest crustal rocks are more than 4 billion years old.
True
Chapter 2 True or False: The earliest evidence of life on earth is over 3 billion years old.
True.
Chapter 2 True or False: Most of the world's diamonds come from South America.
False.
Chapter 3: Which of the following is NOT one of the lines of evidence cited by Alfred Wegener in support of the Continental Drift hypothesis?
C. studies of the earth's magnetic field
Chapter 3: Which of the following is NOT part of the lithosphere?
A. asthenosphere
Chapter 3: Which of the following is a type of plate boundary where new sea floor is formed?
B. divergent
Chapter 3: At what type of plate boundary do compression and subduction take place?
A. convergent
Chapter 3: What essential line of evidence in the 1960's helped to confirm the motion of the continents?
A. studies of the earth's magentic field
Chapter 3: The sequence of events that describes the opening and closing of ocean basins is called
C. the Wilson cycle
Chapter 3: What force is thought to be an important cause of plate tectonic motion?
B. thermal convection currents
Chapter 3: What was the name given by Alfred Wegener for the single large continent that he believed existed at the end of the Paleozoic Era?
E. Pangea
Chapter 3: What type of plate boundary is the San Andreas Fault?
C. transform
Chapter 3: Which of the following is a characteristic or feature of a convergent plate boundary?
E. all of the above
Chapter 3: What does a Benioff-Wadati zone refer to?
E. a subduction zone
Chapter 3: What was the name of the concept proposed by Harry Hess in 1960 that provided a mechanism for the Continental Drift hypothesis?
C. sea floor spreading
Chapter 3: What was the main objection to the Continental Drift hypothesis?
C. Wegener could not provide a mechanism for moving the continents
Chapter 3: What do VLBI, SLR, and GPS have in common with respect to plate tectonics?
A. they are methods of measuring the velocity of plate motion
Chapter 3: Which statement below is true about the oceanic crust in comparison to continental crust?
B. oceanic crust is thinner and heavier (higher specific gravity)
Chapter 3 True or False: Alfred Wegener is credited with developing the modern theory of Plate Tectonics back in the year 1910
False
Chapter 3 True or False: The crust of the earth is thickest under mountain ranges and thinnest in oceanic areas
True
Chapter 3 True or False: The lithospheric plates are thought to move primarily as a result of thermal conduction
False
Chapter 3 True or False: Transform plate boundaries are places where shear stresses dominate.
True.
Chapter 3 True or False: There are 3 types of convergent plate boundaries.
True.
Chapter 3 True or False: The earth's magnetic field has reversed itself many times in the geologic past.
True
Chapter 3 True or False: The oldest ocean floor is less than 200 million years old.
True.
Chapter 3 True or False: Sea floor spreading happens at a rate of several meters per year.
False.
Chapter 3 True or False: The Mediterranean Sea has dried up completely during the geologic past and then rapidly refilled again.
True
Chapter 3 True or False: People living along a passive margin have a low probability of experience volcanoes and earthquakes
True
Chapter 3 True or False: There are 70 major plates that cover the outer surface of the earth
False
Chapter 3 True or False: Volcanic mountain ranges and deep earthquakes are common features of continental-oceanic convergent plate boundaries.
True
Chapter 3 True or False: The highest mountain ranges on earth occur along oceanic-oceanic convergent plate boundaries.
False.
Chapter 3 True or False: The Hawaiian Islands formed at a spreading ridge.
False
Chapter 3 True or False: Yellowstone is considered to be a potentially hazardous volcanic center because it's located above a hot spot.
True
Chapter 4: Reverse, normal and strike-slip all refer to types of
D. faults
Chapter 4: What is the map location of an earthquake called?
A. epicenter
Chapter 4: What is stress?
A. force applied to an area
Chapter 4: What is the point of subsurface origin of an earthquake called?
A. focus
Chapter 4: Which type of earthquake wave moves the fastest?
B. P-waves
Chapter 4: Which type of earthquake wave could travel through a vaccum?
E. none of the above
Chapter 4: Which type of earthquake wave most closely resembles sound waves?
A. P-waves
Chapter 4: Which type of earthquake body wave cannot pass through liquids?
C. S-waves
Chapter 4: How much more energy does a magnitude 8 earthquake release than a magnitude 7 earthquake?
C. 30 times more
Chapter 4: How is the distance to the epicenter of an earthquake determined using a seismograph?
D. by considering the delay time between the P-waves and the slower S-waves
Chapter 4: What is one way that earthquake intensities are determined?
E. with postal questionnaires
Chapter 4: How much more energy does a magnitude 8 earthquake release than a magitude 6 earthquake?
C. 900 times more
Chapter 4: What did the San Francisco (1906) and Kobe (1995) earthquakes have in common?
A. there were large uncontrolled fires
Chapter 4: What can be concluded from the observation that objects were thrown into the air during the earthquake?
B. the ground acceleration was greater than 1.0 g
Chapter 4: Where is the safest place, among those listed below, in the 48 continguous states with respect to earthquake seismic risk?
D. South Dakota
Chapter 4 True or False: Movements on faults must be abrupt in order for earthquakes to occur.
True
Chapter 4 True or False: All earthquakes break the ground surface
False
Chapter 4 True or False: Compression is the kind of force that produces normal faults.
False
Chapter 4 True or False: The focus of an earthquake is the point on the ground surface directly above the epicenter.
False
Chapter 4 True or False: Shear forces characterize the San Andreas fault.
True
Chapter 4 True or False: Earthquakes below about 300 kilometers in depth cause little or no damage.
True
Chapter 4 True or False: Earthquake waves that travel along the surface of the earth are called body waves.
False.
Chapter 4 True or False: Body waves generally slow down as they go deeper into the earth.
False
Chapter 4 True or False: Surface waves are generated by body waves.
True
Chapter 4 True or False: p-waves travel slower than S-waves.
False
Chapter 4 True or False: A single seismograph can determine the location of an earthquake.
False
Chapter 4 True or False: No earthquake has been observed with the Richter Magnitude of greater than 8.9
True
Chapter 4 True or False: The "moment magnitude scale" has replaced the Richter Scale.
True
Chapter 4 True or False: Mercalli intensities are determined from seismographs.
False
A magnitude 7 earthquake releases 27,000 times more energy than a magnitude 4 earthquake.
