schizophrenia key words

Person 'hears' voices in the mind talking to eachother or directly to them

False beliefs that can take many forms e.g. thinking you are God or that people want to harm you.

Person feels their thoughts have been inserted/withdrawn from their mind.

Lack of self control; control of an alien power

Emotions are 'flat' and person has little energy

Intrinsic to the disorder e.g. hallucinations, delusions

Result from primary impairments e.g. unemployment, loss of confidence.

Additional to normal behaviour or experience. e.g. hallucinations. Type 1 schizophrenia; responsive to drug treatment, limbic system abnormalities.

Deficit in normal behaviour patterns e.g. lack of communication or emotional expression. Type 2 schizophrenia; less responsive to drugs, abnormalities in the frontal lobes and enlarged ventricles.

Two or more symptoms each present for one month causing a disturbance in everyday life that lasts for six months. The six months should include at least one month of symptoms.

Preoccupation with one or more delusions or hallucinations.

Immobility, echolalia and echopraxia

repetition of a word or phrase

Repeating of gestures made by others

Disorganised speech and behaviour

Criteria not met for the three main types

Negative symptoms but absence of the other criteria

Disorder that resemble schizophrenia but does not have the psychotic symptoms such as 'loss of reality'

Subcortical structure that includes the hippocampus and amygdala

Large bundle of fibres that connects the two hemispheres of the brain

Explains onset of schizophrenia-type symptoms

1. Stress- heightened arousal so info is not processed effectively. 2. Some people hallucinate more easily. 3. Influences hallucinatory responses. 4. Hallucinations bring relief by reducing anxiety. 5. People see or hear what they believe exists

Result of abnormal cognitions and result of abnormal perceptions

Rules that are not formalised but are generally agreed.

Expectation that someone will behave in a certain way which causes that person's behaviour to turn out as expected because they begin to act in a way that will optimise the expected outcome.

When communication between parents and offspring is contradictory i.e. tone and body language

Conflict between parents results in competition for the affection of family members and a desire to control the other parent

One partner is abnormally dominating and the other submissive. Children are encouraged to follow the dominate partner resulting in impairment of cognitive and social development

Extreme restlessness and agitation

Person is rewarded by desirable behaviour by being given tokens. The more the behaviour is desirable, the more tokens they receive- exchanged for items that the individual wants.

Involves identifying the problem and devising the most appropriate solution rather than working on individual's natural coping strategies.