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Aspergillus fumigatus
- Aspergillosis
- soil, on decaying vegetation
- wounds, burns, ext. ear, thrives in ear wax
- can ulcerate eardrum-otomycosis
- "farmer's lung"
- Dx: fungus culture
- Tx: Amphotericin B-IV
-
Cryptococcosis neoformans
- Systemic
- Cryptococcosis
- Budding encpsulated yeast
- resp. drop, birds, pigeons poo- on feet and beaks
- mild lung infection>large#=systemic
- slow, chronic meningitis>brain>NS=fatal
- Dx: india ink prep: CSF(budding yeast w/halo effect)
- Fungus culture CSF sabouraud
- Slide latex test
- Tx: Amhotercin B or Fluconazole
-
Histoplasma capsulatum
- Systemic
- histoplasmosis- lung infection
- inhalation of spores
- soil-bird poo, chx coop, bat cavesMiss, Ohio river, Wi (LaCrosse)
- 80% exposed
- mild flu-like, pneumonia
- Dx: Histoplasma skin test, culture: sputum, bronchoscopy
- Tx: Amphotercin B, Itraconzole (Sporonox)
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3 fungi that cause ringworm
- Trichophyton
- Microsporum
- Epridermophyton
-
Tinea pedis
Tinea cruris
Tinea capitis
Tinea unguium
Tinea corpuris
- athlete's foot
- jock itch, groin ringworm
- scalp ringworm
- nail ringworm
- body ringworm
-
Candida albicans
- Candidiasis
- oval budding yeast
- normal flora-digestive, resp., skin, urogenital tract
- 1. thrush (oral)
- 2. vaginitis
- 3. cutaneous (onychia)
- 4. intestinal
- 5. systemic
-
thrush
- milky patches of inflammation on tongue and mucous membranes in mouth
- -inflammed tissue under yeast
- infants, diabetics, prolonged antibiotics, immunocompromised (AIDS, cancer)
- Tx: Nystantin
-
Intestinal candidiasis
- antibiotic overuse, normal flora decreases, yeast overgrown
- anal infection in AIDS patients, also esophgeal candidisis
-
Systemic candidiasis
- worst, deadly
- invade lungs, kidneys, heart and brain
- in TV, leukemia, cancer, AIDS patients
- open heat surgery patients
- after tooth extraction, bacteria introduced and spread thru blood stream
- Tx: Amphotericin B, Fluconazole
-
Dx. of Candida
- wet prep- budding yeast (vag. secretions)
- fungus culture
- germ tubes
-
Dx. ringworm
- KOH prep
- -scrapings
- -see hyphae and fungal structures
- culture-Sabouraud
- -fungal structures
- -macrodonia, hyphae, microdonia
-
Sporothrix schenkii
- Sub Q
- "Rosethorn disease"
- Sporotrichosis
- thorn punctures-soil, wood, peat moss
- pus-filled, purplish nodules and knots
- Dx: symptoms, history, fungal culture
- Tx: Potassium iodide-topical, cutaneous
- Amphotericin B- systemic
-
Blastomyces dermatitidis
- systemic
- blstomycosis (Gilchrist's disease)
- soil, bird droppings (pigeon)
- central, SE US, Canada, Gr. Lakes, Oconto
- Trans: wounds-disfiguring pus lesions, skin nd sub-q
- -blood stream>lungs-males 10 to 1
- Trans: lungs, inhale: pneumonia>other organs
- -severe pulmonary disease=death
- Dx: fungus culture (sputum), no skin test
- Tx: Amphotericin B, Itraconzole
-
Ringworm
- tinea
- blister-like lesions, leaving scaly ring
- can cause bald spots, change of hair color, hard discolored flaking nails, dry scaly itching skin lesions
- don't cause severe diseases or invade other tissue, but hard to get rid of (nail)
-
Coccidioides immitis
- Systemic
- coccidiomycosis "Valley Fever", "San Joaquin Fever"
- SW US, Mexico, Calif
- inhalation of dust
- flu-like, self-limited, pumonary inf>meninges, bone-fatal
- Dx: skin test, culture, sputum, bronchoscopy
- Tx: Amphotericin B
-
Cutaneous candidiasis
- Onycomycosis
- folds of hands, feet, nails
- primarily who have hands in water a lot
- beauticians, swimmers
- Tx: topical- Clotrimazole
-
Vaginitis
Vaginal candidiasis
- prolonged antibiotics, sugar in secretions (preg., the pill, diabetes)
- itch, burning, internal pain, reddening, white cheesy discharge
- vulvovaginal areas infected
- Tx: Mycostatin, Nystatin, Diflucan
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