Microbiology 1

about 1.2

25 x 10¹² cells

micrometer

Growth Curve Equation

hours/ division rate

1-15 um

Thermodynamically working at maxiumum speed

Keep supplying substrates and you will keep getting a product

• closed system
• Finite amount of product from substrate

• RNA or DNA
• Protein Receptors
• Indogenous- influences outcome of product/ cell

lag

• 1) take organisms from person and isolate
• 2) Identify isolated organism
• 3) test organism in anamal
• 4) isolate in animal and observe reaction

NH₂ and CoohR group

Particular shape and distance- spaces are crucial

• Proteins
• Geometric shapes looking for each other
• Tx attempts to hide receptor sites

• Catalysts
• Proteins
• Organism w/ dramatically effective enzymes= rapid cell copying
• Can break peptide bonds

• One of the oldest and most commonly used human cell lines
• Can divide an unlimited number of times in a laboratory cell culture
• plate as long as fundamental cell survival conditions are met (i.e.
• being maintained and sustained in a suitable environment)

• Must have either Antogens or Antibodies
• Must end up with a genus species and type to determmine Tx

• Simple
• Anaerobic
• Cytoplast
• Ribosom
• Durable cell wall
• DNA
• 3.5 x 10⁹

• Complex
• Aerobic
• 2 x 10⁹

• Aerobic Only
• simple cell
• 2 ATP's per RBC
• Last 120 days
• Non replicating cell

multiple substrates with multiple products

• multi-cellular organisms
• Mitochondria
• Nuclear material/ nucleus
• Ribosomes

All cells do this

• Atenotriphosphate
• Energy/ currency created from glucosis
• Potential to do work- Cell division

Potential free energy in glucose

Target enzymes in metabolic state

No other organisms on it or in it

• Increases surface area and cell works easier
• SA must be greater than V to move goods in and out

Extension out of cell

More Lipids

• non polar molecules
• readily avaible charge to remove lipid- nonpolar solvent

• Enriched
• 7% Sheep RBC

Gram-negative lose color with alcohol

Acid Fast Stain

• A- Start
• Get bugs

B- Log

Tx

recovery

Family of compounds aimed at all micro organisms

• Attacks bacteria
• Determine up and down sides
• have to be careful of giving too much, etc.

• Attacks wall
• Cell division continues but wall does not form- defective

Looking for enzymes to shut down

• Everything has a half Life
• How long until all subtructures are gone?
• Isotope loses core energy and nucleus decay/ change

• 1) Input
• 2) Blood
• 3) Target
• 4) Storage (parking- not getting where it needs to be)
• 5) Liver
• 6) Kidney (out)

Gas used to clean surfaces that cannot be aoutocaved

• Bacteria gives off disorder but cells are benefactors of environment.
• Cells are getting organized inside inspite of environment

Resistance markers agains antibiotics

• Single Strand
• Translation from DNA

Temperature/ Fever- creatin of pyrogens

Creates the exact same virus with protecant. If anything goes wrong, virus may not replicate

• Oncogenic viruses enter cells and try to duplicate themselves and turn things on and off.
• 120 RNA viruses

• Neuromindase
• Antogen
• Protein Enzyme

• Hemoglutenin
• Structural
• Antogen

Less significant

More significant

70%

Antiviral interupts the entrance of virus to cell or build up of IGM/ IGG antibodies attack and kick out

• Antiviral
• Drops cell reproduction

• HIV
• Measles
• Small Pox
• Virus accomodates human protein and thus shifts

• Ebola
• HIV
• genetic variations continue

packaging

• 1) Live but attenuated
• 2) Kill with chemical heat
• 3) Subunits
• 4) Homologus
• 5) Recombinent
• 6) Atigens in food

• Wild type reversions possible
• Pipet onto eggs and grown
• multiple strands create a vaccine

Shut down key enzymes but don't alter proteins/ antigenicity

Make antibodies out of cell subunits

• Clonal receptor sites
• sees virus and increases copies of enzymes and BCells
• Vaccines encourage T & B Cells to duplicate virus attack

Makes chemicals

Antibodies Igm, Imm

• Take RNA out of virus and replace with similar RNA
• RNA becomes antogen and cell tissue would then constantly make antogens

• 1) Cost (less than $1)
• 2) Transport (temperature plays a role)
• 3) Low side effects
• 4) Efficatious
• 5) ROI ($1 spent- $9 save)

• 1) DNAds undergoes editing (looking for errors to fix)
• 2) DNAds transcribes to RNA
• 3) RNA translates to proteins

Endocytocis to CD4

• Affects packaging
• T interferes
• Analog for Thymine- pyschs out cell

Declines and saves # of CD 4 and reduces opportunity to pass HIV to others

Lymphosite w/ unique receptor site that allows HIV to be pulled in

• 24% organics
• 98% H₂O

• Anaerobic
• Makes Gases
• H2S, CO2, CH4, NH3
• BOD High

Biological Oxyen Demand

• Aerobic
• lower BOD

lowest BOD

• Chlorine
• .25-.7 parts/ million
• Kills most bacteria pathogens and some viruses
• Coliform baceria

• Semi permeable membrane
• Salt and water

• Bacteria- organic
• Viruses- organic
• Parasites- organic
• Chemicals- Reverse osmosis