-
Louis Armstrong
- American
- Father of Jazz
- Trumpet, scat singing, call and response
- nickname:Satchmo
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Johann Sebstian Bach
- German
- Church musician, composer, teacher
- Works:Mass in B minor; Little Fugue in G minor
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Bela Bartok
- Hungarian
- Neo-classical, nationalistic.
- researched/revived Hungarian folk music; music for the people
- Works:Mikrokosmos; Music for Strings; Percussion and Celesta
-
Alban Berg
- Austrian
- Expressionist
- Works:Wozzeck
-
Hector Berlioz
- French
- compositions incorp. imagery/musical effects. Program music.
- Works:Symphony Fantastique
-
Leonard Bernstein
- American
- conductor, composer, educator, innovator.
- composed for orchestras-Broadway shows-small ensembles
- Works:Candide; West Side Story; Age of Anxiety
-
Johannes Brahms
- German
- stubborn use of classical intent with romantic nuances
- Works:Academic Festival Overture
-
Benjamin Britten
- England
- composed patriotic music and operas
- Works:Peter Grimes; Billy Budd
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Dave Brubeck
- American
- "Cool Jazz" innovator
- classical style with swing and unusual meter combos
-
Frederic Chopin
- Polish
- Composed miniatures for piano (poet of the piano)
-
John Coltrane
- American
- Saxophonist-hard bop
- composer, arranger, performer-forceful/full/dark sound
- modal music (African/Asian mix)
- Works:Giant Steps
-
Aaron Copland
- American
- Neo-classical and nationalistic
- jazz, rhythmic variety and folk songs.
- Works:Rodeo; Billy the Kid; Appalachian Spring
-
Arcangelo Corelli
- Italian
- Instrucmental music.
- concerto grosso-string orchestra and a group of solo instrucments
-
Basie Count
- American
- "stride" style of piano playing (comping with a bouncy flexible and syncopated style)
-
Miles Davis
- American
- Trumpet player
- Flexible performer of cool jazz, modal jazz, and rock-fusion
-
Claude Debussy
- French
- musical impressionism
- Works:Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun
-
Segei Diaghilev
- Russian
- Russian ballet creator.
- commissioned contemporary composers and choreographed ideas=modern dance beginnings
-
Edward Kennedy Ellington
(Duke)
- American
- Jazz pianist
- big band leader/arranger.
- innovated jazz piano and defined African American styles on the instruments
-
Giovanni Gabrielli
- Italian
- Organist, teacher, and composer
- art song: poem set to music
- Works:Sonata Pian'e Forte
-
George Gershwin
- American
- Nationalist who composed symphonic and jazz music as well as musicals. "American Sound"
- Works:Rhapsody in Blue; Porgy and Bess
-
Dizzy Gillespie
- American
- Trumpet Player, big band leader, composer, and performer.
- melodic and high register playing
- Works:A Night in Tunisia; Groovin' High
-
Benny Goodman
- American
- Clarientist and big band leader
- "King of Swing"
-
George Frideric Handel
- German
- Oratorio, religious opera, voice, and orchestra
- Works:Messiah
-
Franz Joseph Haydn
- Austrian
- Esterhazy family employee
- composer/performer, utilized symphonic form
- Works:Symphony No. 94
-
Paul Hindemith
- German
- Neo-classical composer.
- influenced music education and composition
- Works:Mathis der Maler; Gebrauchmusik
-
Charles Ives
- American
- experimentalist who explored the possibilities of sound
- combined melodies/hymns/patriotic tunes
- Works:Decoration Day; The Circus Band
-
Emile Jaques-Dalcroze
- French
- Music educator used eurhythmics-.physical response to music/ear training/improv to teach music.
-
Scott Joplin
- American
- "King of Ragtime"
- Works:Maple Leaf Rag
-
Zoltan Kodaly
- Hungarian
- nationalistic themes and folksongs (music for all)
- combo effort with Bartok
- symbols/hand signals for music
- Works:Harry Janos Suites
-
Franz Liszt
- Hungarian
- Nationalist, symphonic poems, tone poems
- Works:Hungarian Rhapsodies; Les Preludes
-
Jean Baptiste Lully
- Italian
- worked in France.
- comedy ballets, lyrical tragedies, overtures
-
Gustav Mahler
- Austrian
- composer and conductor.
- powerful and emotional symphonies influenced by folklore
- Works:The Song of the Earth; Symphony No. 2 Ressurection
-
Felix Mendelssohn
- German
- Conductor and composer
- classical ideas but music conveyed romance
-
Claudio Monteverdi
- Italian
- Choirmaster at St. Mark's Polyphonic church music, madrigals, and opera
- Works:Orfeo
-
Modest Moussorgsky
- Russian
- Nationalist who incorporated folk songs in compositions
- Works:A Night on Bald Mountain; Pictures at an Exhibition
-
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Austrain
- worked in Vienna
- child prodigy(natural gift)
- composed, rhythmic/inventive works utilized melodic variety
- Works:Don Giovanni; The Marriage of Figaro
-
Carl Orff
- German
- developed percussion instruments to teach music to children
- Works:Carmina Burana
-
Giovanni Palestrina
- Italian
- composed motets and masses
-
Charlie Parker
- American
- Jazz saxophonist, innovated "be-bop" jazz
- nickname:The Bird
-
Cole Porter
- American
- composed popular music, musical comedies, and theater
- Works:Anything Goes
-
Sergei Prokofiev
- Russian
- conservative whose compositions were influeneced by the Soviet power structure
- Works:Peter and the Wolf
-
Henry Purcell
- English
- composed opera and church music
- melodist
- Works:Dido and Aeneas
-
Maurice Ravel
- French
- Nationalist-orchestrational skills
- Works:Bolero; Daphnis and Cloe
-
Alfred Reed
- American
- compser and arranger who influenced band music and education
-
Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov
- Russian
- Orchestrator, opera
- Works:Sheherazade; Russian Easter Overture
-
-
Arnold Schonbeg
- Austrian
- Expressionism; progressive and incorporated sprechstimme (speech voice)
- Works:Pierrot Lunaire
-
Franz Schubert
- Austrian
- melodic solo voice with piano
- Works:Der Doppelganger; Morning Greeting
-
Robert Schumann
- German
- Intellectual, critic, composer of art, songs and piano music
- Works:Carnaval
-
Heinrich Schutz
- German
- organist, composed opera and madrigals
- Works:Orpheus and Euridice
-
Dmitri Shostakovich
- Russian
- compositions were politically influenced
-
Jean Sibelius
- Finnish
- Nationalist, composed folk music, tone poems, incidental music
- Works:Finlandia (Finnish national anthem)
-
Bessie Smith
- American
- "Empress of the Blues
- powerful vocalist with expressive nature
- influenced by folksongs
-
John Philip Sousa
- American
- composer, band leader, popularized the march, patriotic songs, and band music.
- Works:Stars and Stripes Forever
-
Richard Strauss
- German
- compositions followed classical form with Romantic emotions. Realistic symphonic poems and opera
- Works:Salome; Sprach Zarathustra
-
Igor Stravinsky
- Russian
- Primitivism
- Works:El Sacre du Printemps; Petrushka; The Firebird
-
Shinichi Suzuki
- Japan
- Educator
- mother-tongue method of education. Rote learning
-
Peter Ilyich Tehaikovsky
- Russian
- romantic, combined Russian folk songs with German style
- Works:Romeo and Juliet; The Nutcracker
-
Giuseppe Verdi
- Italian
- Opera
- Nationalist, used human emotion and drama
- Works:Aida; Otello
-
Ludwig van Beethoven
- German
- use of emotion and expressive human feelings, bridge to the Romantic Period
- Works:Moonlight Sonata; Eroica; Fifth Symphony
-
Antonio Vivaldi
- Italian
- Ordained priest
- concerto grosso
- Works:Four Seasons
-
Richard Wagner
- German
- poet and musician, musical drama, innovated German opera
- Works:Lohengrin; Tristan and Isolde
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