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Memory
The rentention of information or experience over time.
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Encoding
The process by which information gets into memory storage
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Levers of Processing
- refers to the idea that encoding occurs on a continuum from shallow to deep, with deeper processing producing better memory
- Shallow level- sensory or physical features of stimuli are analyzed
- Intermediate level- stimulus is recognized and given a label
- Deepest level - info is processed semantically, in terms of its meaning.
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Elaboration
the extensiveness of processing at any given level
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Storage
ecompasses how information is retained over time and how it is represented in memory
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Atkinson-Shiffrin theory
States thtat memory storage involves 3 seperate systems.
- Sesnory memory - time frames of a fraction of a second to several seconds
- Short term memory - Time frames up to 30 seconds
- Long term memory - time frames up to a lifetime
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Echoic memory
name given to auditory sensory memory
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Iconic memory
name given to visual sensory memory
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Saccade
fast movement of eyes
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Working memory
a 3 part system that temporarily holds information as people perform cognitive tasks
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Explicit memory
the conscious recollection of information, such as specific facts or events and, at least in humans, information that can be verbally communicated.
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Episodic memory
the retention of information about the where, when, and what of lifes happenings.
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Semantic memory
is the persons knowledge about the world
i.e. knowledge about meanings of words, famous people, important places, and common things.
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Implicit memory
memory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without a conscious recollection of that experience
i.e. skills of playing a sport, or typing
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Procedural Memory
involves memory for skill
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Priming
is the activation of information that people already have in storage to help them remember new information better and faster.
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Flashbulb memory
is the memory of emotionally significant events that people often recall with more accuracy and vivid imagery.
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Interference theory
states that people forget not because memories are lost from storage but because other information gets in the way of what they want to remember.
- -Proactive interference - occurs when material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later.
- -Retroactive interference - disrupts the retreval of information learned earlier
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Decay theory
states that when somthing new is learned, a neurochemical "memory trace" is formed, but over time this trace tends to disintergrate.
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Mnemoica Strategies
Method of loci: develop an image of items to be remembered and then store them mentally in familiar locations
Keyword method: attach vivid imagery to important words.
Acronyms: create a word from the first letter of items to be remembered.
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