Review for Final XD

• 2. problems due to unconscious
     1. childhood tramas. Fixated at an earlier stage of development. Ego helps
     2. cope with the unconscious conflicts of childhood.
• i. Oral,
• anal, phallic, latency, genital.

• uncover the fixations of development and traums in order to

• give the client long term emotional release and understanding (catharsis) outcomes: abstract and difficult to
• study.

• proglems
• are due to experiences in life in which one has learned behaviors that are
• problematic.

• Organism
• operates on environment; we learn to behave in certain ways due to rewards or
• punishments

• adding
• something negative to change behavior

• 2. 2. learned behaviors
     3. responses from observing others.

• i. Cons:
• too simplistic, unrealistic, ignores cognition
• ii. Pros:
• powerful force in the field, rooted in empiricism, high support in RX

1. 
   
   
   
   
   • Cause of abnormal
   • functioning: Faulty assumptions and attitudes, illogical thinking
   • processes. i.g. overgeneralization
   
   
   
   
   

• i. ppl
• are guided by irrational beliefs that lead them to act and react in
• anppropriate ways.

• 1.

• Basic Irrational

• i. PPl
• have silent assumptions that things are unsafe till proven otherwise or its
• best to always assume the worse.

• worrying
• helps them deal with threats

• is that GAD occurs among people who have greater bodily arousal than others.
• Worrying lessons bodily arousal.

• 2. 2. accept the issue and
     3. avoid the maladaptive behavior/cogn.

1. 
   
   
   
   • the drawing of broad
   • negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.
   
   
   

• Emphasis on ppl as
• friendly, cooperative and constructive: driven to self-actualization.

• 2. 2. when unconditional
     3. positive regard is not received.

• one
• of the 3 characteristics (unconditional
• positive regard, accurate empathy, Genuiness)d a therapist must have in Client-Centered Therapist. (full and warm acceptance for the
• client)

• Emphasis on
• self-determination, choice, and individual responsibility; focus on
• authenticity.

• Clients
• are encouraged to take responsibility for their lives. Client and dr build
• relationship to overcome issues of avoidance

• abnormal behavior is a illness brought about by

• malfunctioning parts of the organism.

• involuntary activities of the organs: breathing, heartbeat,

• blood pressure and perspiration.

• free-floating excessive worrying. Muscle tension, sleep

• disturbances, restlessness, fatigue.

• Three types of anxiety: Realistic, neurotic (prevented from

• expressing id impulses), and moral (punished when impulses are expressed).
• People control impulses by using ego defense mechanisms. GAD means one believes
• their impulses are wrong or that their ego defenses have broken down because
• they were too week.

• Burst of terror, shortness of breath, sweating, hot/cold

• flashes, chest pains, dizziness, feelings of unreality. Worried about the next attack.

• fear that a panic attack will occur where escape will be

• difficult.

• invasive repetitive thoughts, ideas, impulses or mental

• images. Repetitive and rigid behaviors that a person feels compelled to
• perform. Obsessions cause intense anxiety
• and compulsions prevent or reduce it.

• exposure response prevention.

• : orbitalfrontal

• cortex and caudate nuclei part
• of a brain circuit that usually converts sensory info into thoughts and
• actions. (THALAMUS, AMYGDALA, CINGULATE CORTEXT) no filtering of thoughts into
• actions. Serotonin and brain circuit to active.

• most common theme is dirt or contamination. Other violence,

• aggression, orderliness, religion, sexuality. Themes may vary from culture to
• culture.

7-12% suffer from severe depression per year.

• behavior, cognition, emotional, motivation, bodily, great

• distress.

• , internal blame,

• stable behavior, Global apply to everything.

• examine automatic thoughts, error in cognition, challenge

• and change mal adaptive assumptions.

Woman twice as likely to suffer from depression.

• emo behavior that does not fit DSM criteria for depression

• or anxiety

reactions to traumatic events that are actual or threatened.

• 1. Re-experience the event

• 2. avoid activites that remind one of trauma

• 3. recued responsiveness and dissociationg, loss of memory

• 4. increased arousal, anxiety and guilt.

• antianxiety/depression
• drugs, exposure techniques. EMDR (Eye movement desensitization and
• reprocessing)

• 1+ physical symptom or deficit that affects voluntary motor

• functioning. Psychological conflict that is converted to a physical symptom.
• Shows during periods of stress.

• Belief
• in serious physical defect in appearance

• ERP,
• SSRI’

• Interpret
• Normal boditly functions as serious problems

• same
• as BDD

• long-term
• medical problesm do not respond to treatment

• SIR,
• Confront, PTSD Tx)

• immunute
• system and illness are linked. Score of 300+ means your 80% likely to get ill.

• : feed back loop

• involving the Brain and environment issues that cause physical problems.

more prone to stress and stroke. High achievement oriented.

• : fear of being

• over weight, under 85% of normal weight, mess 3 menstral cylces, body issues.

• : Lateral

• Hypothalamu- Hunger, Ventromedial
• Hypothalamus – Fullness.

• LH
• and VMH are weight Thermosta

• A) If weight falls below set points. Hunger goes up,

• metabolism goes down, and binges result. B) if weight rises above set point:
• hunger decreases, metabolism rises

• overinvolvement
• and over concern about members lives.

• : A)societal attitudes: before only white rich women, now

• its every SES class worried about weight. Prejudice against fat ppl or
• preoccupation with weight. B) families that emphasize thinness and appearance.
• Abnormal over concern family.

• tense, distraced, worried, sleep issues, poor appetite.
• for six months

• sad, neg. thought, less energy, appetitie is off, pain.
• .Two weeks

• Verbalize in detail than relax
• EMDR

• 1)

• Hypothalamus
• tries to maintain weight in a limited range; metabolism shifts

• 1)

• Overinvolved
• with family, poor boundaries and lack of indepedence

• 1)

• VMH
• signals fullness while LH signals hunger

• 1)

• 1:1
• nursing care, family therapy and increased caloric intake.

• 0)

• Group
• therapy, SSRIs, diaries to identify triggers.

• No conditions of
• worth; therapist who is genuine, empathic and honest; active listening.

• 1)

• Urges
• freedom and responsibility; confrontational to encourage authenticity; role
• plays.

• 1)

• They
• educate S’s about symptoms (sleeplessness and nightmares, distancing from
• friends and family, edginess) and what to expect. Then expose them to fear
• while relaxing; also help them with drugs and groups.

• Dreams, free
• associations and insight into the unconscious material that drives them to
• dissociate.

• 0)

• Affective,
• cognitive, interpersonal, impulse control.

9-13% But many individuals have more than one.

• Avoidance or limit
• setting; GA.

• 0)

• Those in
• the Anxious Category - Avoidant, Dependent, OCPD.

schizoid PD.

• 1)

• talks
• and moves slowly

• 0)

• Intermittent
• Explosive Disorder

• At least 3% of the population; 6% of teens.

• Reduces physical
• arousal and stress and is a symptom of GAD.

• Monitoring one’s
• cognitions without judgment.

• 1)

• Accepting
• one’s symptoms and being committed to psychological well-being.

• 1)

• Be aware
• of them but do not attempt to change them. Accept them as a symptom.

• 1)

• Dialectical
• Behavior Therapy and is used to treat borderline PD.