-
DNA fingerprinting is used to:
compare DNA patterns
-
Combining DNA from two
different sources result in:
Rcombinant DNA
-
Which of the following
local crops will not be genetically engineered in Hawaii:
Hawaiian Taro
-
Gene guns are used to:
- Shoot gold pellets coated with DNA or RNA into
- cells
-
Golden Rice has been
genetically engineered to include
More vitamin A
-
Genetic engineering is:
- Direct manipulation of genes, involves insertion of
- genetic material from 1 organism to another, and results in recombinant DNA
-
“GMO” stands for:
- Genetically Modified
- Organism
-
Antisense DNA or RNA is:
DNA/RNA that turns OFF genes
-
The European Corn Borer is
a major pest of corn, which can be controlled with BT toxin made from:
Corn - Soil Bacterium
-
In the 1990s on the Big
Island, what lethal disease was destroying a major crop?
Ringspot Virus
-
A University of New Mexico
study found that most Americans did not know they had been eating _________ for
over five years.
GMO Products
-
What genetically modified
corn variety was only supposed to be used for animal feed, but turned up in
human foods?
StarLink
-
BT corn pollen was shown by
entomologist John Losey to be lethal to:
Caterpillars - Monarch Butterfly
-
The corn crop of Mexico
grows very poorly because of:
Toxic Aluminum
-
The following organization
is against the growing of genetically modified crops:
- ELF (Earth Liberation
- Front)
-
The first genetically
modified animal to be commercially marketed will probably be
Salmon
-
Embryonic stem cells for
therapy may be made by:
Extracting from discarded embryos?
-
At what stage of
development are embryonic stem cells obtained:
- Blastocyst - Embryonic
- stage
-
Which type of stem cells
reside in differentiated cells: Specialized cells that perform specific
functions and can no longer divide
Adult stem cells
-
Before cell reprogramming breakthrough,
federal funds could only be spent on:
Human embryonic cell research that already existed
-
Who first made human
embryonic stem cell lines
James Thomson
-
Which of the following
diseases can be treated using stem cells:
- Leukemia, tissue repair, heart disease, cancer,
- arthritis, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease
-
Which country leads the
world in stem cell research:
China
-
Which of the following are
types of adult stem cell:
- Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found
- in adult tissues, a living embryo is NOT required, and scientists currently
- believe adult stem cells are more “plastic” and not as useful as embryonic stem
- cells - Found in brain, heart, skin, muscle, bone marrow
-
Where is adaptive radiation
most commonly found:
- Distant islands, high mountain tops, some lakes,
- and deep water thermal vents - In remote and isolated areas
-
Darwin’s finches are an
example of this type of speciation:
Allopatric speciation
-
Which of the following
would be an example of adaptive radiation:
- Silverswords and lobelioids, honeycreepers, land
- snails, and many insects ALL in Hawaii.
-
Sympatric speciation
- This is when species form at the same time and
- place (ex: Cichlids in Lake Malawi). Also contradicts the ecological concept to
- a certain extent.
-
Which of the following is
included in the definition of species: Definition
- An interbreeding natural population that produce
- fertile offspring. Also reproductively isolated from other populations.
-
“Ontogeny Recapitulates
Phylogeny”:
- “Ontogeny”: Development of organism. “Phylogeny”:
- Evolution. This quote is an attempt to explain similarities between humans and
- animals.
-
A species concept that
species are reproductively isolated is known as:
Biological concept
-
Mules are not a true
species because
- Mules (which are a hybrid of donkey and horse) are
- sterile, meaning they cannot reproduce.
-
What is a biological
invader:
Invasive species that may cause environmental harm
-
What is a consequence of
invasive species on native plant species:
- Invasive plants affect hydrology (water flow),
- alter nutrient cycling, and disrupt ecosystem processes
-
How are oceans impacted by
invasive species:
- restructure the food web, introduce diseases, and
- compete with and prey on native organisms. They can also impact humans by
- destroying populations of commercially-valuable native species
-
Invasive plants’
characteristics:
- High reproduction, rapid growth, and significant
- defense mechanisms
-
Why are invasive species
successful in new environments:
- Free of predators, competition, diseases,
- parasites, and has more resources for growth and reproduction (exploits
- resources in novel ways)
-
What is a naturalized
plant:
- A plant introduced into an area as opposed to being
- indigenous. An established self-perpetuating population. -Widespread dispersal
- & incorporation into native flora/ecosystem.
-
Why is Hawaii particularly
at risk from biological invaders:
- International port city, about 7-9 million tourist
- visit annually
- Import
- 80% of consumed goods, vulnerable to invasive species
-
Most common way alien
plants are introduced to Hawaii today:
- : Dispersed by humans
- across natural barriers and long distances (accidental or deliberate). Began
- with plants & animals were introduced by Polynesians, Europeans &
- Americans, Ornamental plant trade, Wooden pallets carrying wood boring insects,
- and Yearly imports of Christmas trees.
-
Biodiversity is defined as:
- Number & variety of organisms found within an
- area
-
75% of Hawaii’s flowering
plant species arrived by:
Birds (Wing), 75% (internally or externally)
-
Hawaiian honey creepers
primarily differ by the shape and size of their:
Bills or beaks
-
The process whereby many
species evolve from a single species:
adaptive radiation
-
There are about ___ native
flowering plant species in Hawaii and a thousand introduced ones that are now:
980 native flowering plants, naturalized
-
Native habitats in hawaii
have been lost due to:
- Crop lands, Cattle grazing, Feral animals, Cattle,
- Pigs, Goats, Sheep, Deer, Urbanization
-
Alien species may be
controlled by:
- Control of alien species: Fencing Biological
- control Weeding Herbicide Hunting Habitat Restoration
-
Native species that are
only found in Hawaii are ___, while those found elsewhere are:
endemic, indigenous
-
Why is conservation biology
described as a "crisis discipline"?
- Emerged in the 1980’s as response to
- biodiversity crisis. Does not have the luxury of time.
-
The Endangered Species Act
was created in?
1973
-
Listing species as
Endangered is based upon:
- Decision is to be based on
- best scientific data available and not economics. Listing of critical habitat
- decision can be based on economics.
-
IUCN stands for
- International Union for the Conservation of Nature
- and Natural Resources.
-
Conservation biology is
considered a synthetic field because:
- A synthetic field. A mixture of applied and
- theoretical fields. -It is a mixture of applied and theoretical fields
-
A species that is likely to
become endangered in the near future is called?
Threatend
-
What is IUCN Red List?
- List of threatened species -Provides
- taxonomic, conservation status, and distribution information on taxa that are
- facing a high risk of global extinction.
-
What is likely to become
the greatest environmental problem next century:
Fresh water supply
-
How do superior bacteria
arise?
- Overuse of antibiotics leads to evolution of super
- bacteria.
-
Why is it hard to treat the
common cold?
- -Replicates in the nose. -More than100
- Rhinoviruses. -Impossible to make vaccines against all viruses due to rapid
- mutation.
-
What missing protein leads
to diabetes?
Lack of insulin production.
-
A benign tumor:
- -Not cancerous -Can be surgically removed
- -Usually does not return -Does not spread to other
- tissues
-
Cancer can be caused by
which of the following?
- Over stimulated cell division, recognition of
- “braking signal” to stop is ignored.
-
Which of the following may
result in Cancer?
- 98% of cancers are known to be or suspected to be
- associated with environmental or lifestyle factors. -Viruses, Air pollution:
- Tobacco, Industrial emissions, Fires, Sunburn, Organic Compounds, Hydrogen,
- coal tar, etc. - uncontrolled cell division, cancer cell undergoes
- repeated division and no differentiation
-
Which of the following are
treatment options for cancers?
- Surgery, Radiation,
- Chemotherapy
-
Normal genes that inhibit
cell division are called?
tumor suppressor genes
-
The problem with
scientists’ conclusions when studying history is:
- Historians' main task is to interpret and explain
- the past– Richard Rathman (Dept. of History, UH Mà„noa). -Scientists attempt to
- “predict” the past. Often attributing events or trends to a single phenomenon,
- i.e. Caporael’s witchcraft interpretation.
-
LInda Carporael believed
that the incidents that led to the Salem witch trial of 1692 was due to:
-Caporael (1976):
- Victims of witchcraft, in Salem, MA, in 1692
- actually due to ergotism: -Conclusion based on symptoms of victims. -Victim’s
- thought to be possessed.
-
What is Holy Fire or St.
Anthony’s Fire?
Gangrenous Ergotism
-
The Acronym LSD stands for:
- LysergSaure-Diethylamid, German name of Lysergic
- Acid Diethylamide.
-
Albert Hofman was:
- Albert Hofmann synthesized LSD-25, in 1938, from
- lysergic acid isolated from ergot. -First documented experience with LSD.
-
MKULTRA was:
How did LSD become a
recreational drug?
- Came about from CIA project: MKULTRA, shortly after
- WWII. -Code name for a covert, illegal CIA human research program
-
Acid Rock is thought to:
Rock music that simulates the LSD experience.
-
LSD was, in part,
responsible for:
- revolution of music? - fashion
- industry
-
Biologists tried to attract
the rare Kauai o'o by using:
mating calls on a tape recorder
-
The Hawaiian carnivorous
caterpillar
turned into a moth
-
Who won the battle between
the ant and the carnivorous caterpillar?
ants
-
Species extinctions were
described in the movie as
popping rivets on spaceship Earth.
-
Biologists are pollinating
plants on Molokai's sea cliffs because what pollinator had gone extinct:
- because there was only one
- bird whose beak could fit in the flower, and it has gone extinct,
-
Of all the scourges of the
native Hawaiian rainforest the worst is the:
Feral pig
-
Approximately 80,000
feathers were used to make:
Ali'i capes
-
What percentage of native
Hawaiian birds are now extinct?
70%
-
According to the movie the
most vulnerable part of the earth is its:
poles
-
Ice cores from glaciers can
be used to determine the ___ at the time the ice was formed:
temperature/CO2 content
-
According to the movie, the
ten hottest years on record have occurred during the last ___.
14 years
-
The melting of the ice caps
in the North and South Poles was likened to:
Warming areas around ice which speeds it up
-
An increase in the global
mean temperatures of 5 degrees would result in a ___ increase at the
poles
2 degree
-
If the ice caps in
Greenland melted completely, sea level would rise by:
20 feet
-
The only two developed
countries that have not signed the international treaty to limit carbon
dioxide emissions into the atmosphere are:
United States and Australia
-
In the next 50 years the
carbon dioxide concentration of the atmosphere will:
- Current energy use coupled
- with increasing demand are likely to cause CO2 atmospheric concentrations to
- more than double in the next 50 years
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