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According to Max Weber, power is defined as
The ability to achieve desired ends, despite resistance from others
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Max Weber claimed that the main difference between power and authority is that
People typically view authority as legitimate rather than coercive
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Modern societies, including the United States, rely mostly on which type of authority?
Rational-legal authority
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In which type of political system does power reside in the hands of the people as a whole?
Democracy
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When sociologists use the term "political economy," they are referring to
The fact that the political and economic systems are linked
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The claim that societies are democratic typically is based on the fact that
These societies meet the basic economic needs of everyone
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Which type of government concentrates all power in one place and rigidly regulates people's lives?
A totalitarian government
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In the 2004, U.S. presidential election, about what share of registered voters actually cast a vote?
About 60 percent
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The Marxist political-economy model suggests that
An antidemocratic bias is built into the capitalist system
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Which war resulted in the highest loss of life to the American people?
The Civil War
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Which of the following is true about collective behavior?
- It usually involves a large number of people
- It is often spontaneous
- It is often controversial
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Which of the following is a good example of a collectivity?
Excited soccer fans throwing bottles as they leave a stadium
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A mob differs from a riot in that the mob
Typically has a clear objective
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Which theory says that "crowds can make people go crazy"?
Contagion theory
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When sociologists speak of "mass behavior," they have in mind
People taking part in a riot or mob
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Which of the following is an example of a technological disaster?
The radiation leak from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
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Hula hoops, streaking, and collecting Pokémon cards are all examples of
Fads
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Deprivation theory explains that social movements arise among people who
Believe that they lack rights, income, or something else that they think they should have
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The claim that social movements cannot arise without factors such as effort, money, and leadership is made by which theory?
Resource-mobilization theory
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The effect of gender on the operation of social movements in the United States is demonstrated by the fact that
Men have usually taken leadership roles
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Demography is defined as the study of
Human population
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Which region of the world has both the lowest birth rate and the lowest mortality rate?
Europe
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Typically, high-income nations grow mostly from _____, and low-income nations grow from _____.
Immigration; natural increase
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In general, the higher the average income of a country,
The slower the population increases
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In the United States, urban decentralization has caused
- The expansion of suburbs
- The development of vast urban regions
- The growth of edge cities
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Which tern was used by Ferdinand Tönnies to refer to a type of social organization in which people come together on the basis of individual self-interest?
Gesellschaft
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The world's third urban revolution is not taking place in
Low-income nations
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The environmental deficit refers to
Long-term harm to the environment caused by a shortsighted focus on material affluence
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Which of the following statements reflects the "limits to growth" thesis?
People are rapidly consuming Earth's finite resources
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Environmental racism is the idea that
Environmental dangers are greatest for the poor and minorities
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