Chapter 21 Study Guide U.S. History

a 1954 case in which the Supreme Court
ruled that “separate but equal” education for black and white students was
unconstitutional.

an organization formed in 1957 by Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr., and other leaders to work for civil rights through
nonviolent means.

an organization formed in 1960 to
coordinate sit-ins and other protests and to give young blacks a larger role in
the civil rights movement.

a form of demonstration used by African
Americans to protest discrimination, in which the protesters sit down in a
segregated business and refuse to leave until they are served.

one of the civil rights activists who rode buses
through the South in the early 1960s to challenge segregation

a law that banned discrimination on the
basis of race, sex, national origin, or religion in public places and most
workplaces.

a 1964 project to register African-American voters
in Mississippi.

a law that made it easier for African Americans to
register to vote by eliminating discriminatory literacy tests and authorizing
federal examiners to enroll voters denied at the local level

racial separation established by the
practice and custom, not by law.

racial separation established by the law.

a religious group, popularly known as
the Black Muslims, founded by Elijah Muhammad to promote black separatism and
the Islamic religion.

a militant African-American political
organization formed in 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale to fight police
brutality and to provide services in the ghetto.

a law that banned discrimination in
housing.

a policy that seeks to correct the effects of past
discrimination by favoring the groups who were previously disadvantaged

an 1896 case in which the Supreme Court
ruled that separation of the races in public accommodations was legal, thus
establishing the “separate but equal” doctrine.

influential lawyer for the NAACP; later
became the first African-American supreme court justice.

Montgomery bus rider whose protest in
1955 sparked an organized bus boycott.

civil rights leader; voice of nonviolence,
equality, and justice; awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1964

first African American admitted into an
All-white University after winning a Federal Court Case.

daughter of Mississippi sharecroppers, was the
voice at the 1964 Democratic National Convention

the black leader who preached a
separatist message based on Nation of Islam principles.

the SNCC radical activist who called
for Black Power.

boy killed for whistling to a white woman, killed
in Mississippi