PSYC 310 Ch. 15

Monkeys raised without peers (adults only) display:

Peer Only Rearing: monkeys raised without adults DID develop attachment to familiar peers, but they:

Parent and Peer relations _____ each other.

Parents provide affection and guidance so children have the ___ and ___ skills needed to enter into peer interactions.

Peers may also compensate for lacking ____ with adults, though they are not as effective.

Babies interact with each other during the first year of life, but these are mostly ______ acts with not type of ____ or _____.

Between the ages of 1 and 2, isolated acts _____ and coordinated interaction _____.

By age 2, children given a choice of playmate will choose a ____ rather than their _____.

The interactions between infants and toddlers are relatively ____, and are NOT _______.

Unoccupied, onlooker behavior, and solitary play

Children play near each other with similar materials but with no interaction

engage in separate activities, but with interaction (e.g., swappying toys or commenting on one another's behavior)

True social participation, with actions directed toward a common goal.

What benefits does sociodramatic play (make-believe) play have?

in middle childhood and adolescence, Peer communication improves because of more advanced _____ skills, as they meet others with different backgrounds, viewpoints, etc.

___ emerges as children enter middle childhood.

Rough and tumble play has been observed in all mammal species at...

Why do come behaviors such as physical aggression decline in the school years?

In adolescence, more time is spent with _____ than any other social partners.

What 3 factors make peer interaction amongst teens gratifying?

What influences peer sociability?

Between ages of 4 and 7, how is friendship viewed?

Between the ages of 8 and 10, how is friendship viewed?

Between the ages of 11-15 years +, how is friendship viewed?

Selection of friendships is remarkable _____ at all ages.

There is a greater ____ of friends with increasing age.

Stability of friendship increased from _____ through____ grade, but levels off between ___ and ____ grades.

Why does friendship stability level off between 4th and 8th grades?

At earlier ages, friendship stability may be due to the constancy of the ______, rather than advanced social cognition.

In preschool, these children treat "friends" and "nonfriends" differently by offering friends more:

Compared to preschoolers, children in middle childhood work together better on tasks, spending more time ___, ____, _____ to each other, and focusing on ____.

In middle childhood, they realize close friendship can survive a ____ if both are secure in their liking for eac other; thus they learn _____ at this age.

In middle childhood, most children select friends who are somehow similar them....typically they share the same:

_____ is common in middle childhood, as children view their friends as "equals" and do not enjoy losing a contest to them.

During adolescence, teens become less ______ of their friends than during middle childhood, as they recognize their friends need ______ just as they do.

_______, mutual _______, and ______ become more common during adolescence.

During adolescence teens often share additiona similarities, such as _____, ______ goals, _____ beliefs, and willingness to try various activities (including negative ones.)

Teens are exposed to more diverse individuals and may sacrifice similarity for other important features. Example?

Consistet differences emerge during midde childhood:

What do close friendships provide chances for?

self-report measures that ask peers to rate each other's likability

Four categories of social acceptance:

These children get many "positive" votes

These children get many "negative" votes; actively disliked

These children get many positive and negative votes

These children seldom chosen, either positively or negatively.

Rejected Childhood:

Rejected Adolescence:

these fare better than rejected children-generally well-adjusted

some dislike these children, but enough like them to protect them from the negative effects of being rejected or neglected. Most are happy with their friendships. This group often changes over time.

Evidence is Correlational, and other factors are involved in popularity:

Homes of popular children:

Homes of rejected children:

What is dating regulated by?

____ youths begin dating later and are less likely than other cultures to have dating partners in adolescence.

On average, romantic relationships last about _____ months between ages 12 and 14, but last almost _____ years after age 16.

why do early teens date?

Why do older teen date?

What do supportive and secure relationships with parents predict?

Early, frequent dating is related to behavior problems, including...

____% of teens are abused by their dating partners, and this is equal for boys and girls

Teen males earn ______ when they date, but younger teen females often have ________ with other girls when the date.

For older teens, what does dating provided needed lessons in?

For older teens, what does dating enhance?

How do peers socialize one another?

changing behavior or attitudes to match another person or group

What does conformity vary with?

Parents have more impact on....

Peers have more impact on....

_____% of American homes have at least one TV, over 50% have 2 or more.

The TV is switched on for an average of ____ hours per day.

Regular viewing begins between ages ___ and ___ (1.5 hours/day) and increases to a peak at age ____ (4 hours/day), declining slightly during adolescence.

the task of understanding television's specialized method of conveying information

Under age ____, children are not able to integrate separate scenes into a continuous story line.

Preschoolers do not understand ______(passage of time) or _____ (repeated events)

_____ years: TV images are real objects

____ years: begin to make distincions about television vs. reality

_____ years: grasp that all tv fiction is un-real

Children CAN and DO mimic what they see on tv. From TV they learn:

SOME TELEVISION shows promote learning but reduce _______.

"Sesame Street": positively related to....

Slower, nonviolent material with a clear story line may promote ____

TOO MUCH TELEVISION: Can even "good" TV be over-used?

Consensus of TV:

What do children LEARN from computers?

What are some basic CONCERNS about children and computers?

As class-size drops below ___ academic achievement improves

Adolescents are more "involved" in _____ high schools, and more likely to engage in community participation.

pupils are compared to themselves, teachers and pupils share decision making

What are the benefits of an open classroom?

With each _____, grades drop and feelings of anonymity increase.

Effective class room management and encouragement of "higher-level thinking" promotes ____ in the class room.

when students adopt teachers' views and start to live up to them

Self-fulfilling prophecy are more likely when ____ and ____ are emphasized, when teachers view poor achievers as limited in _____, and when fear of losing control of the class room is prominent.

______ of MMR and LD children increases the challenges faced by teachers.

placing MMR and LD children in regular classrooms part of the day

Parental pressure has brought about _____, in which MMR and LD students are placed in regular classes full-time.

5-10% of school aged children have ______- their achievement scores are significantly lower than expected for their overall IQ in one or more academic areas.

Successful integration (mainstreaming) depends on....

School _____ issues have caused an increasing number of parents to hold their children back for kindergarten.

Children who are older than most in their class have ____ behavior problems than those who are younger

______ grades in school produces very few benefits.

Repeating grades produces problems with ___

Extracurricular activities that focus on the arts, community service, and vocational development are related to:

The US fares no better than average, world-wide. We are ranked ____ in math school during _____ school, but we fall to the midpoint in ____ school and even lower in highschool.

Other nations whose children have higher schores are those in which there is emphasis on:

Research suggests American students: