Portrayal of explicit sexual subject matter for the purpose of sexual excitement and erotic satisfaction
What is erotica?
These are works of art including literature and photography, film, sculpture and paintings that deal with erotically stimulating or sexually arousing descriptions.
what are the examples of censorship during early days?
Plato urged the editing of " The Odyssey"
Socrates wanted certain parts ommited
Where is the origin of Kama Sutra and what does it geard toward?
This book is believed to have neen authored by Vatsayayana in the 4th century and it is a treaties on love and sexual satisfaction.
What does Pornography mean?
Porne= Prostitute/Whore
Graphy= Writing
When did pornography gain a bad notation:
It was not until after Judeo.Christian ethos
What year was the Customs Laws and who was the person creating it ?
This law was set in 1842 by Anthony Comstock he was a postal inspector and a political figure.
He was not allowing dirty material come to United States
He had a big impact on sexual moree
He wanted to clean U.S. out of filth
Federal government gave him the power of arrest
Whi is Ida Craddock?
She was a wealthy woman who was during the time of Comstock
She put a bruchure together because she realized that woman didn't know anything about sex
But people had to be old enough to buy the pamphelete
She had to go to court and was announced quilty so she came back and commited suicide
Who is Margaret Sanger?
She is the founder of planned parenthood
She was also during Comstock
She was charged with using the U.S mail to distribute information about birth control
She was also accused but she left the state
What are the Criteria for Obscenity as set by U.S. Vs. Roth 1957
The Dominant theme is a base interest in sex
It is patently offensive to community standard
It is without serious literary, artistic ,political or scientific value
What is the definition of obscenity from Miller Vs. California 1973 ( The second law has to be looked at as a whole)
Whether the avarage person, applying contemporary community standards would find that the work taken as a whole appeals to the prurient interest
Wheather the work depicts or describes in a patently offensive way sexual conduct specifically defined by the applicable state law
Whether the work taken as a whole lacks serious literary artistic political or scientific value
What are the effects of pornography as stated by Johnson Commission (US1970)
There is no evidence that exposure to explicit sexual materials plays a significant role in the causation of delinquent or criminal behavior among young adults
What are the effects of pornography as stated by the williams committee(UK 1979)
It is not possible to reach well-based conclusions about what in this country has been the influence of pornography on sexual crime
What are the effects of pornography as stated by Meese Commission (US 1986)
Evidence strongly supports the hypothesis the substantial exposure to sexually violent materials bear a casual repationship to antisocial acts of sexual violence
What country had same laws to the US on pornography?
Denmark
The Tin Drum was banned in what city in the US?
Oklahoma city
Sexuality and Aging
What age group will form the highets portion of the population by 2050?
20% of the population will be age 65 and over
How does the life expectancy of men and woman today compares to past years?
The life expectancy for man was 46 and women 48 in 1900
The life expectancy for man is 75 for men and 80 for women now
What is the percentage of the baby boomers that date regularly?
70% and of those 40 and 59 years old 45% of men and 38% of women have intercourse at least once a week.
Among baby boomers what is the most important reason for dating ?
It is to find someone to live with or marry
Why is the percent of women having sex between the ages of 65-74 decreases drastically?
Because men die sooner then women
Lack of partner
What is the percentage of sexually avtive older sigles report having unprotected sex?
61%
What was the increase in the number of AIDS cases among adults over 50 (1990-2004)
Seven folds
What is the single most important mode of transmission of infection in age group of 50 and over
Hetrosexual sex
STI
What is the most common STI at Maryland?
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)-Condyloma
What is the Causing agent of HPV?
HPV is caused by the virus so it does not go away and there is no cure for it.
How many types of HPV excixts?
Over 100 types
Where does Virus live?
The virus lives in the nerve bundels
How many strains of the HPV virus are known to be sexually transmittable?
At least 30 types
HPV can cause:
Genital warts
Cervical cancer
What are some treatments for HPV and what does treatment depend on?
Treatment depends on the location and also gender
Cryotherapy: Freezing of the tissue
Laser
Podophyllum: Cream that is applied to the penis that could remove warts
What are prevention methods for HPV?
Reducing number of partners
Using condoms
Gardasil immunization provides prevention of
90% of 6,11 genital warts
75% of 16,11 Cervical cancer
Got approved by the FDA on 2006 for woman and 2009 for men
What are the symptoms associated with yeast(candidiasis,Moniliasis) infection and is yeast infection transmissible?
Symptoms for females: whitish discharge from vagina, itchiness and burning
Male symptoms : reddish, flaky, itchy rash on penis and or groin
** females don't have to have sex to get yeast infection and yeast infection considered STI because it can be transmitted to the partner.
What is the incubation period for the yeast infection?
2 to 5 days
What is the treatment for yeast infection?
Monistat OTC for females
Lotrimin and OTC oinment for male , this is steroid based and after applying it should go away after 5/6 days.
What is the causing agent of Trichomoniasis?
Protozoa
What STI is very common and tends to be a combination with other STI?
Trichomoniasis
What are the symptoms of Trich?
For females: Yellowish vagina discharge with bad odor
Male : Watery penile discharge and itchy feeling inside the penis
What is the incubation period of trich?
It is 5/28 days
What are problems associated with treating STIs?
Mobility
Social Stigma
Ease of cure( people tend to engage more in sexual acts if they know STI treatment is easy)
Increase in a-symptomatic males
Increase in conterception use decreases condom use
Lack of education
What other STI's can be caused by the bacteria that causes chlymedia?
NGU and epididimidis in men
What is the treatment of Trichomoniasis?
Flagyl for both sexes
** when consuming this drug alcohol must be avoided.
What STI bacteria causing agent has virus like symptoms?
Chlamydia
What are the symptoms associated with Chlamydia?
females are usually asymptomatic
Male: have penile discharge and stinging on urination which tends to be mild
If chlymedia goes untreated what can it cause?
PID
What are the treatments for chlymedia?
tetracycline
What are the most common STIs in the united states and what groups are more likely to have them?
Chlamydia is the most common and Gonorrhea is the second most commonand african american are have the highest rate.
Chlamyhdia appears at higher rate in woman then men
What can increase the risk of contracting chlamydia?
Multiple sex partners
sex at early age
inconsistent birth control use
What is the most common site of infection for gonorrhea?
It is the cervix
What are the symptoms of gonorrhea?
Females are usually asymptomatic
Male have thik white discharge and painful stinging sensation on urination
What STI has the shortest incubation period?
gonorrhea with the incubation period of 2-8 days.
What are the means of transmission for gonorrhea?
this can be transmitted orally or anally
What are the treatments available for gonorrhea?
ceftriaxone
can be consumed orally or injected
What are the two strains of herpes?
HSV 2 which is the genitals
HSV 1 which is cold sores
What are the symptoms of HSV2
For females it can be moe or more sores on the labia or around the cervix, external sores can be painful
For male sore can be seen on the penis
What complication can chlamydia and gonorrhea cause the baby?
It can cause the baby eye infection and vision problems
What are the treatments for HSV2?
acylovir(zovirex)
What does asymptomatic shedder mean?
Thsi means that HSV2 can be transmitted without any symtoms
What are the symptoms associated with hepatitis B?
flu like symptoms, fever, lethergy,headaches and jaundice
What are the treatments for hepatitis B?
There are no real effective medications
Usually rest and drinking liquids
Vaccines are recommanded
What is phthirus pubis?
This is a parasite
What are the symptoms ofphthirus pubis?
itchy feeling in the pubic hair particularly at night
small dots on base of pubic hair
What are the treatments for pubis?
Kwell which is a lotion
wash all clothing
AIDS
In what year outbreak of skin cancer was linked to gay pneumonia
1981
In what year cases among IDU were reported and rare disease among hemophilliacs were detected and epidemic was named AIDS
1982
What year french researchers isolate virus causing AIDS? and this subject became the main health priority?
1983
At what year NCI announces they found the virus causes aids?and gay bathhouses close?
1984
what year blood banks started testing donations for HIV?
1985
What are some famous people diagnoses with AIDS?
Rock Hudson who put a face to an unknown disease
Max Robinson ABC TV news anchor dies and before him AIDS was only a white men's disease
Magic Johnson announces he is HIV positive
Arthur Ashe tennis star
What year the protease inhibitors were introduced to the drug cocktail?
1995
What year the Oral mucosa( orasure ) became available?what other even occured ?
1997 also there was a reduction in the AIDS epiemic
What are the two groups with the fastest growing rate of AIDS?
Hetrosexual woman
Teenagers
What race/ethnicity has the highest rate of AIDS?
Black
White non hispanic
Hispanic
American Indians
What is the highest mode of transmission?
It is the hetrosexual contact
It used to be MSM
What are the states with the highest number of AIDs cases?
New york, Florida,California and Texas
What is the number reported for the AIDs cases in Washington DC?
14 cases per 100000 people
DC rate is 128.4 cases per 100,000 which is higher than New york, Baltimore or philadelphia
What category for HIV is the major source that the Federal funding is used for
Hetrosexual (37)
MSM (27)
IDU(14)
unknown(22)
What category for HIV is the major source that the Federal funding is used for ?
Care and treatment
What does GRID stand for?
Gay related immnunodeficiency disease
What does AIDS stand for
Aquired Immunodeficiency syndrome
What does HIV stand for?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus which is the cause of AIDS
What is the major reason for death among peole with AIDS?
Reduced ability of the immune system allowes for the opportunistic infections to attack and is one of the major reasons for death among HIV infected people
What is HIV progression if it goes untreated?
It takes 6month to 10 years for the HIV infected person to display AIDS and 2 years after that the person with AIDS dies
What is the indirect measure of this disease?
T4 Helper cell count (less then 200 per microliter)
What is viral load?
It is the amount of viral particle that is present in the blood sample
Nowadays AIDs is considered to be what type of diesease?
Chronic disease
What are some opportunistic infections that are highly associated with AIDS?
PCP: type of pneomonia
Kaposi sarcoma : blood vessel cancer
AIDS dimentia : neurocognitive imparement
Pulmonary TB
Recurrent pneumonia
Cervical cancer
What types of testings are used to diagnose HIV/AIDS?
Elisa : if a person comes positive they get tested again and if the second test is positive then they will do western blot
Western Blot
Oral Mucosa
Oraquick Rapid antibody test ( antibody test providing results in 20 min)
Antibody and Antigen test
What is antibody?
This is a protein used by the immune system to ID and destoy foreign objects
What are treatments used for AIDS?
AZT ( decreased transmission to newborns)
Protease inhibitors
HAART
What are sexual modes of transmission for HIV?
Anal which is #1
Vaginal
Oral
Kissing
What are prevention methods?
Behavior change
Early detection
Education
Safe sex
Alternate Sxual Expressions
What is the definition of biological sex?
Genetic material and chromosomes
What is the definition of gender identity?
Psychological sense of being male or female this made of of innate and socialization parts
What is social sex roles?
Adherence to culturally created behaviors
Sexual orientation:
The erotic and affectional disposition towards others
What is term transgender mean?
The anatomical sex does not match gender
Appearance and bahaviors may not conform to societal roles
They usually don't go through surgery
Transsexual means?
Not all transgender people are transsexual
Live as a gender other than that assigned at birth
May or may not alter secondary sex characteristics
What is the purpose of the civil union?
This was formend to give permission to same sex people the same sex couples benefits of marrieage.
What state was the first to recoganize civil unions?
Vermont 2000
Massachusetts 2004
What was the first country to recoganize gay marriage?
Holland 2001
What year civil union became legal in the United Kingdom?
2005
What states in 2006 move to ban gay marriage?
Colorado
Idaho
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Virginia
Wisconsin
What was proposition 8?
In 2008 California votes in support of banning gay marriage also Florida and Arizona vote to ban gay marriage
What states permit same sex marriage as of 2010?
Massachussetts
Connecticut
Iowa
Vermont
Maine
New hampshire
Washington DC
The person who said that men are entitled to respect for their private lives was:
Justice Anthony Kennedy
The person who said : The court has largely signed on to the so called homosexual agenda was:
Antonin Scalia
What country was responsible for Early sexology research?
Germany
What was Freud views on homosexuality:
Blending of nature vs. nurture
The person who believed that there is no cure for homosexality was :
Havelock Ellis
What is natural can not be immoral was said by :
Nietzsche
When was Homosexuality removed by APA from list of mental illnesess?
1975
Homosexuality is not:
Transvestism
Transsexuality
Pedophilia
What is the definition of homosexual?
Someone who is emotionally, spiritually and physically attracted to members of the same gender
What does sex or love by george trying to illustrate?
this is trying to illustrate that the notion that homosexuals have sex and hetrosexuals have love is untrue and everyone wants to be loved.
What is the kinsey scale?
this is from 0 to 6
0 is straigh
6 same gender
According to Kinsy what is possible to determine?
It is only possible to determine how many persons belong at any particular time to each of the classification on the scale
what were the two studies done to place prevalence rates close to 2%?
Guttmacher 1993
University of Chicago 1994
What is the ethiology of sexual orientation?
Biology(nature)
Environment(nurture)
Combination
What are the two relevant homosexual studies?
Simon Levay (salk ins1992) first individual to find a difference in brain of gay vs. straight people
NIH (1993) this study looked at if sexual orientation was genetic that passed through generations and if it did it would be through maternal side
Karolinska institute(2008) they reported brain differences they looked at the amygdala involved in processing emotions
Bailey and Pillard (1992) study on twin males and twin females
Sexual dysfunctions
Sexual dysfunction tends to be more complex in what gender?
Females
What are different levels of intervention for sexual dysfunction?
PLISSIT (1974)
Permission giving (what you feel is ok)
Limited information (if you do or feel something once)
SS(specific suggestion, tell people to communicate)
IT intensive therapy
What ways did Masters and Johnson suggest?
Brief and intensive focus
Needing a surrogate
Pairs of counselors
What is the origin of the sexual dysfunction?
Biopsychosocial
What are the physical/organic causes of sexual dysfuction?
Neurological system
Endocrine system (decrease in testostrone or estrogen)
Vascular system( Blood flow)
Medical conditions (diabetes)
** these are accounted for 10-20% of all sexual dysfuctions
What are nonorganic causes of sexual dysfunction?
Performance anxiety
Guilt
Relationship issue
Fear of intimacy
Lack of communication
Fear in general
What does the term spectatoring mean?
This occurs mostly for males , it is when people critique themselves on performance
What is hypoactive sexual desire?
In men this is caused by increased levels of prolactin produced by pituitary
This might develop to mask an existing dysfunction
HSD is not common but very difficult to treat
What is the treatment for HSD?
Psychotherapy
What are sexual dysfunctions for woman?
In an orgasmia
Lack of lubrication
Vaginismus
Dyspareunia
Endometriosis
What is inorgasmia?
This is the enability to experiance orgasm and it affets 10% of sexually active females
it could be primary this woman has never achieved an orgasm through any act, secondary is achieved an orgasm by not now,situational or coital this person has the enability to achieve orgasm through penis/vagina sex
What are the ways to treat this?
First rule out the physical then you can use masturbation and sensate focus
What are the causes associated with lack of lubrication?
Reduction in estrogen leve(physical)
Lack of stimulation
Prolonged intercourse
Psychological causes
What are the treatments for lack of lubrication?
If they are not physical use therapy to discover and treat causes
What is vaginismus?
It is the involuntary contractions of the perivaginal muscles which makes penetration impossible, the cause can be psychological
What are the treatment methods used for Vaginusmis?
Therapy and dialators
What is dyspareunia?
This is painful intercouse it can be caused by physical , lack of lubrication, vaginismus yeast infection, STI also The cause can be psychological
What is the treatment for dyspareunia?
Physical exam can be done it it is not physical then therapy can be used
What is endometriosis?
This approximately affects 15% of premenopausal women , this could happen when endometrial tissue breaks away and blocks fallopian tube and encases ovaries
This can cause backache, and make sex very painful
This is also considered to be a leading cause of infertility
What are treatments available for endometriosis?
Oral conterception
Surgical removal of tissue
Getting pregnant due to not getting the period
What are male sexual dysfunctions?
Premature ejaculation
Erectile disorder
Inhibited orgasm
What is the definition of premature ejaculation?
This is most common in younger men and it is defined as inability to control when you ejaculate within reason
What roles do women play in men's premature ejaculation?
A Hurry up and finish attitue
Extremely long and heightend foreplay
Anxiety on the part of the female perceived by the male partner
What treatments can be used for premature ejaculation?
sensate focus
finding the cliff edge
Master's and Johnson squeeze technique
What is erectile dysfunction?
This is also known as erectile dysfunction and impetence . It could be primary which means had not enough erection to penetrate a partner and usually it is physical, secondary means they are able to get erection but not now, situational
What are the treatments for Erectile disorder?
Vaccume devices
Papaverine injection
Alprostadil pelletes ( they are pelletes placed in the penis)
Semi rigid rods
Pneumatic implants ( corpona cavonosa is removed and a pumo rod is replaced)