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Piccolo
- It: flauto piccolo, ottavino
- Ge: kleine Flote
- Fr: petite flûte
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flute
- flauto
- Flote, grosse Flote
- flûte
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English Horn
- Corno Inglese
- Englisch Horn
- cor anglais
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clarinet
- clarinetto
- Klarinette
- clarinette
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bass clarinet
- clarinetto basso
- Bassklarinette
- clarinette basse
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contrabassoon
- contrafagotto
- Kontrafagott
- contre-basson
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saxophone
- sassofone
- Saxophon
- saxophone
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cornet
- cornetto
- Kornett
- cornet à piston
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euphonium
- baritone saxhorn
- Baryton
- basse à pistons
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tuba
- tuba di basso
- Basstuba
- tuba basse
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xylophone
- silofone
- Sylophon
- sylophone
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glockenspiel
- campanelli
- Glockenspiel
- jeu de timbres, carillon
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vibraphone
- vibrafono
- Vibraphon
- vibraphone
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snare drum
- tamburo
- kleine Trommel
- tambour, caisse claire
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field drum
- tamburo
- Ruhrtrommel
- tambour
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bass drum
- (gran) cassa
- grosse Trommel
- grosse caisse
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suspended cymbal
- piatto sospeso
- hangendes Becken
- cymbale suspendé
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triangle
- triangolo
- Triangel
- triangle
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tambourine
- tamburino
- Schellentrommel, Tambourin
- tambour (de Basque)
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castanets
- gastagnette
- Kastagnetten
- castagnettes
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wood block
- cassa di legno
- Holzkaste
- bloc de bois
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cowbells
- campanelli di bacca
- Heerdenglocken
- grelots de vaches
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violoncello, cello
- contrabasso
- Kontrabass
- contrebasse
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am Steg
at the bridge of a stringed instrument
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an dem Griffbrett
play stringed instruments on the fingerboard
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a punto d'arco
with the point of the bow
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détaché
each note bowed separately, played broadly
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fr., frog
to be played near the frog
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jeté
thrown bow (flying staccato)
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col legno
with the stick of the bow
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L.h.
lower half of the bow
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pizzicato
pluck string with fingers
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ponticello
light tone, sounding upper partials by bowing near the bridge of a stringed instrument
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P., Point
To be played near the point of the bow
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saltando
bounce the bow off the string, using short, quick bow strokes
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scordatura
special tuning of a stringed instrument
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spiccato
a light, bouncing bow movement
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sul
on (as in sul D, on the D string)
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sulla tastiera
on the fingerboard
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sul tasto
on the fingerboard
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sur la touche
on the fingerboard
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sur la chevalet
bow close to the bridge
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sur une corde
play on the string
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U.H.
Upper half of the bow
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bowed tremolo
very fast separate strokes on the same pitch, near the point for soft dynamics and near the middle for louder dynamics
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détaché
(noteheads have short line above or below them)
played with separate bows; in a very rapid détaché, the bow bounces from the string
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fingered tremolo
played like a trill, for intervals larger than a whole step. Played with left-hand fingers and a single bow
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artificial harmonic (diamond notehead over regular notehead)
Lower note stopped by first finger, upper by third or fourth finger
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natural harmonic (diamond notehead)
string is touched lightly at the point indicated by the diamond-shaped note, thus dividing the string and producing a natural overtone
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glissando (gliss.) (either a slur over a fast chromatic scale down or up, or two notes connected by a straight line with or without the word "gliss.")
slide
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louré
notes under slur are played with one bow direction. Bow pressure is released slightly to make a subtle articulation of each tone.
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heavy accent with clear separation between notes
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portamento (text shortens the line so it is closer to the end note, not near the first.)
smooth, short slide to a note
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Left hand pizzicato
string is plucked with the fingers of the left hand
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ricochet
Bow moves in one direction for each slur and bounces for each note (actually two or more spiccatos with one bow direction)
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slur
bow moves smoothly in one direction while left-hand fingers change the notes
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slurred staccato
played in one bow, stopping between notes to articulate
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spring bow arpeggio
(obvious staccato arpeggio, but slurred)
bow bounces across the strings, playing each string in sequence
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spiccato
Bouncing bow. Bow leaves string between notes.
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Trill (little "tr" symbol)
a rapid alternation to the half step or whole step above the note.
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Transposition: C piccolo
sounds octave higher
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Transposition: English horn
P5 lower
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Transposition: E-flat clarinet
m3 higher
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Transposition: B-flat clarinet
M2 lower
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Transposition:A clarinet
m3 lower
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Transposition:Alto clarinet
M6 lower
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Transposition:Bass clarinet
M9 lower
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Transposition:EE-flat contra-alto clarinet
M6 plus octave lower
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Transposition:BB-flat contrabass clarinet
M16 lower (2 octaves plus M2)
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Transposition: Contrabassoon
Octave lower
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Transposition: Soprano saxophone
M2 lower
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Transposition: Alto sax
M6 lower
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Transposition: Tenor sax
M9 lower
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Transposition: Baritone sax
M6 plus octave lower
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Transposition: F horn
P5 lower
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Transposition: C trumpet
Concert pitch
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Transposition: B-flat trumpet
M2 lower
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Transposition: D trumpet
M2 higher
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Transposition: B-flat piccolo trumpet
m7 higher
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Transposition: String bass
Octave lower
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Transposition:Celesta
Octave higher
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Transposition: Orchestra bells
two octaves higher
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- 2-beat
- This version for fast tempos
- usually wrist motion
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- 2-beat
- this version for staccato or marcato
- remember to control the size of the rebound
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- 3rd 2-beat pattern
- For slower, legato music
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2-beat with loop
Not usually for successive measures, but for extra weight or length on beat 2.
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- 3-beat with staccato
- Travel makes a definite stop at ictus or after rebound therefrom, maybe use click beat.
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- 4-beat with legato
- (picture not quite proportional; top should be taller)
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- Focal-plane
- (curves not quite accurate, note description)
- Each ictus in the same vertical plane, approx center of conducting area
- Ictus indicated by change in speed of travel: speed up just before ictus, stop briefly on it.
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- Focal-point (expanded for visibility)
- places each ictus on the juncture of the vertical and horizontal planes.
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Legato pattern with click beat
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- Modified classical style (not quite proportional; top should be higher)
- Built on arches
- Beat 1 lowest, beats 2 and 3 a bit higher, beat 4 a bit higher again.
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