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4 basic/principal tissues
- Epithelium
- Connective Tissue
- Muscle
- Nervous Tissue
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues
- Cell shape. Squamous (Flat, single layer), Cuboidal (Cubelike single layer), Columnar (Columnlike single layer)
- Number of layers. Simple (side by side, just one layer), Stratified (2 or more layers)
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Functions of Epithelial Tissues
- Secretion. Swet, oil, breast milk, mucous (secretions in our body)
- Absorption. Water
- Excretion. Waste
- Protection. Keep out bacteria
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Types of Simple Epithelial Tissue
- Simple squamous epithelium. It forms the inner lining of the cardiovascular system.
- Simple cuboidal epithelium. Also called "Glandular Tissue". Its distribution is in the lining of many glads of the body.
- Simple columnar epithelium. Found on the surface of the digestive tract from stomach to anus. Found with cilia on the bronchi of the lungs and the uterine tubes.
- Pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Simple layer that looks stratified, forms the inside lining of the upper respiratory tract and is covered with cilia.
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Types of Stratified Epithelial Tissues
- Stratified squamous epithelium. It forms the epydermis (skin) and is found at the bottom layer of the cell. Also found lining inside of the mouth and nose, lining the esophagus and anus, and covering the surface of the eye.
- Stratified columnar epithelium. Not very common but can be found in the larynx as well as lining the large excretory ducts of some glands.
- Transitional (stratified cuboidal) epithelium. Refer as urinary epithelium beccause is lining in the urinary system from urinary tubules of kidney through the ureter, bladder and urethra.
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4 types of Connective Tissue
- Connective Tissue Proper (CTP)
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
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Building Blocks of Connective Tissue Proper
- Basic Building Block. Fixed Cells (Mesenchymal, Fibrocyte and Adipose Cells) and Wondering Cells (Body defense and repair cells)
- Second Basic Building Block. Extracellular Matrix (Interfibrillar substance, Collagen and Elastic fibers)
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Collagenous Fibers
- Dominant fiber of the extracellular matrix.
- Can be loose mesh of collagen. Is not gonna be strong
- Can be Dense Irregular meshes. Lots of fibers oriented in different directions which give strength on all directions.
- Can be Dense Regular bands. Lots of fibers on the same direction giving strength on ona direction.
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Elastic Fibers
- Gives flexibility
- Expansion and contraction flexibility
- Blood vessels and veins
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Types of Connective Tissue Proper
- Collagenous Connective Tissue
- Elastic tissue
- Adipose Tissue
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Types of Collagenous Connective Tissue
- Loose Collagenous Connective Tissue
- Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
- Dense Regular Connective Tissue
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Loose Collagenous Connective Tissue
- Structure. Few collagenous and elastin fibers in all directions. Is more irregular.
- Distribution. Spaces between organs, blod vessels, mm's, nerves, bone.
- Function. Hold things together and allow for movement.
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Dense Irregular Collagenous Connective Tissue
- Structure. Lots of collagen in all directions, very few of elastin fibers.
- Distribution. All over the body (fascia)
- Function. Fascia tissue allowing for strength in multiple directions.
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Dense Regular Collagenous Connective Tissue
- Structure. Only collagen fibers and all going in one direction.
- Distribution. Ligaments and tendons.
- Function. Lot of strength in one direction.
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Elastic tissue
- Structure. Mostly elastin and very few collagen fibers.
- Distribution. Vocal cords, walls of blood vessels, epiglottis.
- Function. Stretch and recoil (spand and contract)
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Adipose tissue
- Structure. Modified loose connective tissue.
- Distribution. Anywhere in the body but brain, spine and penis/scrotum
- Function. Store house of energy. Insulation and store water.
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Cartilage
- Very important to skeletal and joint tissue.
- Cells. Chondrocytes which product new fibers on the matrix.
- Extracellular Matrix. Contains Interfibrillar substance, collagen and elastic fibers.
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Proteoglycans
- Found in the Extracellular Matrix of Cartilage.
- Is design to tract water into the tissue.
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Types of Cartilage
- Hyaline Cartilage
- Fibrocartilage
- Elastic Cartilage
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Hyaline Cartilage
- Very few Collagen fibers
- Forms majority of embyonic skeleton
- Skeleton of external nose
- Anterio end of ribs
- Walls of upper respiratory passageways
- Growth plates in the long bones
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Fibrocartilage
- Lots of Collagen fibers
- Forms the strong intervertebral discs
- Forms articular discs
- Function as effective shock absorbers between bones
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Elastic Cartilage
Forms the skeleton of the epiglottis and the external ear.
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