1. Home
  2. Flashcards
  3. Preview

chapter12

  1. cardiac cycle
    period between start of one hearbeat & the start of the next
  2. The sodium potasium exchange pump maintains a gradient of sodium & potassium ions accross the cell membrane. _____ is more concentrated inside the cell & _____ is more concentrated outside the cell.
    potasium, sodium
  3. stroke volume (SV)
    the amount of blood ejected by a ventricle during a single beat
  4. cardiac output (CO)
    • amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute
    • CO = SV * HR
  5. Frank-Starling principle
    • "more in = more out"
    • output of blood from both ventricles is balanced under a variety of conditions
    • the more the heart muscle is stretched, the more forcefully (to a point) it will contract, & the more blood it will eject (SV) w/ each beat.
    • increased venous return increases stroke volume
  6. Autonomic Innervation
    • Heart rate can be modified by the ANS. Both sympathetic & parasypathetic divisions of the ANS innervate the heart.
    • Postganglionic sympathetic fibers extend from neuron cell bodies located in the crevical & upper thoracic ganglia.
    • The vagus nerves (N X) carry parasympathetic preganglionic fibers to smal ganglia near the heart.
    • Both ANS divisions innervate the SA & AV nodes as well as the atrial & vintricular cardiac muscle cells.
  7. circulatory circuit
    • 1. IVS & SVS
    • 2. RA
    • 3. Tricupid
    • 4. RV
    • 5. Pulmonary Semilunar
    • 6. Pulmonary Trunk/Pulmonary Artery
    • 7. Lungs (oxygenated/decarbonated)
    • 8. Pulmonary Veins
    • 9. LA
    • 10. Mitral
    • 11. LV
    • 12. Aortic Semilunar
    • 13. Aorta
    • 13b. Coronary Sinas
    • 14. Body
  8. Coronary Ateries
    • 1) right coronary artery (RCA)
    • 2) posterior interventricular branch of RCA
    • 3) marginal branch of RCA
    • 4) left cornonary artery (LCA)
    • 5) circumflex branch of LCA
    • 6) anterior interventricular branch of LCA
    • 7) posterior left ventricular branch of LCA
  9. The pericardium is the serous membrane, which covers the heart. It has two layers, one exposed to the thoracic cavity, the other on the surface of the heart. Name & identify these membranes. ie. which one is on the heart & which one is on the outside.
    • a. visceral pericardium (on the heart)
    • b. parietal pericardium (on the outside)
  10. infarct
    area of dead heart tissue caused by an interruption in blood supply
  11. anastomoses
    interconnectons of small tributaries from of the left & right coronary arteries
  12. The sodium-potassium exchange pump maintains gradients by ejecting sodium ions & recapturing lost potassium ions. For each ATP molecule consumed, how many sodium ions are ejected and how many potassium ions are reclaimed by the cell?
    3 sodium ions are rejected for every 2 potassium ions relaimed
  13. cardiac action potential steps
    • 1) rapid depolarization
    • 2) the plateau
    • 3) repolarization
  14. rapid depolarization
    • cause: Na+ entry
    • duration: 3-5msec
    • ends w/: closure of voltage-regulated sodium channels
  15. the plateau
    • cause: Ca2+ entry
    • duration: ~175msec
    • ends w/: closure of calcium channels
  16. repolarization
    • cause: K+ loss
    • duration: 75msec
    • ends w/: closure of potasium channels
Author
thom.mccusker@gmail.com
ID
85188
Card Set
chapter12
Description
chapter12
Updated

  1. Home
  2. Flashcards
  3. Preview