Chapter 1 vocabulary part 1

Standing erect with the feet and palms facing forward.

The tissue that binds together and supports various structures of the body. Ligaments and tendons are connective tissue

tissue that covers the surface of the body and lines the body cavities, ducts, and vessels

the process of breaking down food into small enough units for absorption

the uptake of nutrients across a tissue or membrane by the gastrointestinal tract

the food pipe; the conduit from the mouth to the stomach

a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to vital organs and extremities.

the smallest blood vessels that supply blood to the tissues, and the site of all gas and nutrient exchange in the cardiovascular system. They connect the arterial and venous systems

blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart from vital organs and the extremities

the liquid portion of the blood

a chemical substance produced and released by an endocrine gland and transported through the blood to a target organ

the body's preferred energy source. Dietary sources include sugars (simple) and grains, rice, potatoes, and beans (complex). Carbohydrate is stored as glycogen in the muscles and liver and is transported in the blood as glucose

nitrogen-containing compounds that are the building blocks of protein

the name for fats used in the body and bloodstream

a single atom or small molecule containing a net positive or negative charge due to an excess of either protons (positive) or electrons (negative)

one of the disc-shaped components of the blood; involved in clotting.

small-diameter blood vessels that extend and branch our from an artery and lead to capillaries; the primary site of vascular resistance.

smaller divisions of veins

the major artery of the cardiovascular system; arises from the left ventricle of the heart

a chronic disease in which thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls result in impaired blood circulation; develops with aging, and in hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other conditions

fluid between the cells or body parts

the two lower chambers of the hear (right and left ventricles)

the two upper chambers of the heart (left and right atrium)

the circulatory vessels of the lungs; involved in the circulation of blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of the heart

The circulatory vessels of the body

The period from the beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next heartbeat; the systolic and diastolic phases and the interval in between

The contraction phase of the cardiac cycle

The period of filling of the heart between contractions; resting phase of the heart

The muscular, membranous tube extending from the base of the skull to the esophagus

The organ of the voice; located between the trachea and the base of the tongue

The cartilaginous and membranous tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi; windpipe

The two large branches of the trachea leading into the lungs.

Spherical extensions of the respiratory bronchioles and the primary sites of gas exchange with the blood.

The smallest tubes that supply air to the alveoli (air sacs) of the lungs.

The portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs.

The drawing of air into the lungs; inhalation

The portion of the trunk above the diaphragm and below the neck.

The act of expelling air from the lungs; exhalation

A long hollow tube from mouth to anus where digestion and absorption occur

A form of digestion that involves the addition of enzymes that break down nutrients

A network of lymphoid organs, lymph nodes, lymph ducts, lymphatic tissues, lymph capillaries, and lymph vessels that produces and transports lymph fluid from tissues to the circulatory system.

The end point of the gastrointestinal tract though which semisolid waste is passed from the body

The cartilage in the throat that guards the entrance to the trachea and prevents fluid or food from entering it during the act of swallowing.

A food and saliva digestive mix that is swallowed and them moved trough the digestive tract.

The process by which muscles in the esophagus and intestines push food through the gastrointestinal tract in a wave-like motion.

Sits at the upper portion of the stomach; prevents food and stomach acid from splashing back into the esophagus from the stomach; also called the esophageal sphincter

The semiliquid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum